Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce Human Th17 Cells: Effect of Psoriasis-Associated TRAF3IP2 Genotype.

Psoriasis lesions are rich in IL-17-producing T cells as well as neutrophils, which release webs of DNA-protein complexes known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Because we and others have observed increased NETosis in psoriatic lesions, we hypothesized that NETs contribute to increased T helper type 17 (Th17) cells in psoriasis. After stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells with anti-CD3/CD28 beads for 7 days, we found significantly higher percentages of CD3CD4IL-17 (Th17) cells in the presence versus absence of NETs, as assessed by flow cytometry, IL-17 ELISA, and IL17A/F and RORC mRNAs.

Dopamine and opioid systems interact within the nucleus accumbens to maintain monogamous pair bonds.

Prairie vole breeder pairs form monogamous pair bonds, which are maintained through the expression of selective aggression toward novel conspecifics. Here, we utilize behavioral and anatomical techniques to extend the current understanding of neural mechanisms that mediate pair bond maintenance. For both sexes, we show that pair bonding up-regulates mRNA expression for genes encoding D1-like dopamine (DA) receptors and dynorphin as well as enhances stimulated DA release within the nucleus accumbens (NAc).