Publications by authors named "Cadenas-Sanchez C"
Objectives: To investigate the association of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) severity with cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers independently of the adiposity levels; and to explore the role of cardiorespiratory fitness in these associations in children with overweight/obesity.
Methods: A total of 109 children aged 8-11 years with overweight/obesity were included in this cross-sectional study. SDB was assessed using a scale of the reduce version of the Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire.
Article Synopsis
- Muscular strength, particularly measured by handgrip strength (HGS), is an important indicator of health and a predictor of age-related diseases, but no international benchmarks exist for HGS across different ages and sexes.
- The study systematically analyzed data from over 2.4 million adults across 69 countries to establish sex- and age-specific norms for HGS, identifying a peak in strength between ages 30 and 39 before a gradual decline.
- Findings revealed that while absolute and body size-normalized HGS improves slightly in early adulthood, a more significant drop occurs from middle to late adulthood, with males generally experiencing a faster decline than females.
Background: Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with a variety of health outcomes and is a powerful marker of current and future health. However, inconsistencies in tests and protocols limit international monitoring and surveillance. The objective of the study was to seek international consensus on a proposed, evidence-informed, Youth Fitness International Test (YFIT) battery and protocols for health monitoring and surveillance in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To investigate the associations of television (TV) watching time with bone parameters and to examine whether high lean mass attenuates the negative impact of watching TV more than one hour per day on bone parameters.
Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 116 young paediatric cancer survivors. Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry was used to obtain total body and regional areal bone mineral density (g/cm), and lean mass (kg) outcomes.
To investigate the effect of physical activity (PA) (both general and its type) on self-esteem during and after cancer treatment. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscuss, and PsycINFO from their inception to February 2024. The systematic review included 32 studies, with 15 studies (13 RCT and 2 quasi-experimental) and 3604 participants (66.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: A shift from self-reports to wearable sensors for global physical activity (PA) surveillance has been recommended. The conventional use of a generic cut-point to assess moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) is problematic as these cut-points are often derived from non-representative samples under non-ecological laboratory conditions. This study aimed to develop age- and sex- (age-sex) specific cut-points for MVPA based on population-standardized values as a feasible approach to assess the adherence to PA guidelines and to investigate its associations with all-cause mortality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe critical role of cardiorespiratory fitness in disease prevention.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness
December 2024
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been increasingly recognized in recent years as an important predictor of risk for adverse outcomes in numerous chronic conditions. In fact, a growing body of epidemiological and clinical evidence demonstrates that CRF is a potentially stronger predictor of mortality than established risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, adding CRF to these traditional risk factors significantly improves the reclassification of risk for adverse outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- - The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) versus exercise- and non-exercise-estimated CRF in predicting all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among adults.
- - A systematic review analyzed 42 cohort studies involving over 3.8 million participants, finding similar risk reductions in mortality linked to higher levels of CRF regardless of the measurement method used.
- - The results indicated that both objectively measured and estimated CRF are valid indicators of mortality risk, with minimal differences in their predictive capabilities.
Objective: To assess the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and COVID-19-related health outcomes including mortality, hospitalization, and mechanical ventilation.
Patients And Methods: In a retrospective analysis of 750,302 patients included in the Exercise Testing and Health Outcomes Study, we identified 23,140 who had a positive result on COVID-19 testing between March 2020 and September 2021 and underwent a maximal exercise test in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System between October 1, 1999 to September 3, 2020. The association between CRF and risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes, including mortality, hospitalization due to COVID-19, and need for intubation was assessed after adjustment for 15 covariates.
Context: Exercise reduces adiposity, but its influence on bone marrow fat fraction (BMFF) is unknown; nor is it known whether a reduction in liver fat content mediates this reduction.
Objectives: (i) To determine whether incorporating exercise into a lifestyle program reduces the lumbar spine (LS)-BMFF, and (ii), to investigate whether changes in liver fat mediate any such effect.
Design: Ancillary analysis of a two-arm, parallel, non-randomized clinical trial.
Background: We assessed the effects of a 20-week combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise training programme on the inflammatory profile of prepubertal children with overweight or obesity.
Methods: Totally 109 participants (10.1 ± 1.
Background: Individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) face impaired cardiorespiratory fitness and glycemic control, increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a promising exercise modality with potential benefits for both aspects in this population.
Objectives: The primary aim was to investigate the effects of HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness and glycemic parameters in patients with T1DM.
Article Synopsis
- - This study reviews evidence from meta-analyses about how baseline cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) relates to health outcomes, focusing on mortality and the incidence of chronic conditions in adults.
- - High CRF significantly lowers the risk of all-cause mortality (by about 53% comparing high with low levels) and is linked to an 11%-17% reduction in mortality for every additional MET of CRF.
- - The findings indicate that maintaining high CRF is beneficial for reducing risks of heart failure and cardiovascular-related deaths, though the overall quality of the evidence varies from low to moderate.
Article Synopsis
- This study explores how sleep affects subcortical brain structures in children who are overweight or obese, with a focus on shape analysis.
- Researchers analyzed sleep behaviors using accelerometers and assessed brain structure shapes via MRI in 98 children aged around 10 years.
- The findings indicate that spending more time in bed is linked to increases in size of the pallidum and putamen brain regions among these children.
Purpose: Our objective was to synthesize and determine whether there are sex differences in physical function following exercise interventions in older adults.
Materials And Methods: A systematic search was conducted in four databases from inception to July 8th, 2023 searching for prospective trials that conducted exercise interventions in older adults and results for physical function were reported by sex. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a randomeffects method.
Background: Active commuting to school may increase the total daily physical activity and achieve health benefits among preschool children. Rates of active commuting to school among Spanish children and adolescents have been widely analysed, while the rates of active commuting to school among Spanish preschool children are unknown.
Aim: The main objective of this study was to examine the changes in the rates of active commuting to school in a sample of Spanish preschool children between 3 and 6 years old from 2013 to 2017.
Introduction: Studies have shown an inverse association between the risk of breast cancer in women and physical activity. However, information on the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) assessed objectively by a standardized test and the risk of developing breast cancer is limited.
Purpose: To examine the CRF-breast cancer risk association in healthy females.
Article Synopsis
- The study looked at how a 20-week exercise program affected sleep and breathing problems during sleep in children who are overweight or obese.
- 109 kids, ages 8-11, either exercised or continued their regular activities, and their sleep was tracked with special devices.
- The results showed that exercise helped kids wake up less after falling asleep, but it didn't really change other sleep problems or help with sleep on nights after exercise.
Purpose: To compare the strength of associations between different indices of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and brain health outcomes in children with overweight/obesity.
Methods: Participants were 100 children aged 8-11 years. CRF was assessed using treadmill exercise test (peak oxygen uptake [V̇O ], treadmill time, and V̇O at ventilatory threshold) and 20-metre shuttle run test (20mSRT, laps, running speed, estimated V̇O using the equations by Léger et al.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a 20-week exercise program on bone mineral parameters in children with overweight or obesity.
Design: Randomized controlled trial.
Methods: This study took part from November 21, 2014, to June 30, 2016, in Granada, Spain.
Aims: This study aims to systematically review the systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols on improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and to characterize the main patterns of HIIT modalities using clustering statistical procedures to examine their potential differences on improving CRF. Finally, we aimed to develop a comprehensive guideline for reporting HIIT protocols.
Methods And Results: A systematic review was conducted on PubMed and Web of Science from their inception to 31 October 2022 for systematic reviews and meta-analysis aimed at assessing the effect of HIIT on CRF in the entire study population.
The effects of an exercise intervention on neuroelectric activity and executive function in children with overweight/obesity: The ActiveBrains randomized controlled trial.
Scand J Med Sci Sports
January 2024
Objective: To investigate whether a 20-week aerobic and resistance exercise program induces changes in brain current density underlying working memory and inhibitory control in children with overweight/obesity.
Methods: A total of 67 children (10.00 ± 1.
Importance: Childhood obesity is a risk factor associated with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mental disorders later in life. Investigation of the parallel effects of a defined exercise program on cardiometabolic and mental health in children with overweight or obesity may provide new insights on the potential benefits of exercise on overall health.
Objective: To investigate the effects of a 20-week exercise program on cardiometabolic and mental health in children with overweight or obesity.
Context: Hepatic steatosis is associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Bone marrow fat fraction (BMFF) could play a role in this relationship in children with obesity.
Objective: The objectives of this work were (i) to examine the relationship between the lumbar spine (LS) BMFF and BMD, and (ii) to explore the mediating role of LS-BMFF on the relationship between percentage hepatic fat with LS-BMD in preadolescent children with overweight/obesity.