Exosomal-miRNas expression and growth factors released by mononuclear cells of CLAD patients in response to extracorporeal photopheresis.

Background: CLAD (Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction) remains a serious complication following lung transplantation. Some evidence shows that portions of Extracorporeal Photopheresis (ECP)-treated patients improve/stabilize their graft function. In spite of that, data concerning molecular mechanisms are still lacking.

Cytological, molecular, cytogenetic, and physiological characterization of a novel immortalized human enteric glial cell line.

Enteric glial cells (EGCs), the major components of the enteric nervous system (ENS), are implicated in the maintenance of gut homeostasis, thereby leading to severe pathological conditions when impaired. However, due to technical difficulties associated with EGCs isolation and cell culture maintenance that results in a lack of valuable models, their roles in physiological and pathological contexts have been poorly investigated so far. To this aim, we developed for the first time, a human immortalized EGC line (referred as ClK clone) through a validated lentiviral transgene protocol.

DQA1*0102 DQB1*0602 haplotype distinguishes coeliac disease and its complications from gluten unrelated enteropathies.

Background: Duodenal villous atrophy is due not only to coeliac disease and its complications but also to other rare enteropathies unrelated to gluten consumption, defined as noncoeliac enteropathies. The diagnosis of noncoeliac enteropathies remains challenging, and HLA typing has been widely used to exclude coeliac disease if DQ2 and DQ8 alleles are absent. However, the frequency of the various HLA alleles in noncoeliac enteropathies is still unknown.

Mechanisms of Action of Extracorporeal Photopheresis in the Control of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS): Involvement of Circulating miRNAs.

Clinical evidence suggests an improvement or stabilization of lung function in a fraction of patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) treated by extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP); however, few studies have explored the epigenetic and molecular regulation of this therapy. The aim of present study was to evaluate whether a specific set of miRNAs were significantly regulated by ECP. Total RNA was isolated from serum of patients with established BOS grade 1-2 prior to the start and after 6 months of ECP treatment.

Clonal analysis of immunodominance and cross-reactivity of the CD4 T cell response to SARS-CoV-2.

The identification of CD4 T cell epitopes is instrumental for the design of subunit vaccines for broad protection against coronaviruses. Here, we demonstrate in COVID-19-recovered individuals a robust CD4 T cell response to naturally processed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein and nucleoprotein (N), including effector, helper, and memory T cells. By characterizing 2943 S-reactive T cell clones from 34 individuals, we found that the receptor-binding domain (RBD) is highly immunogenic and that 33% of RBD-reactive clones and 94% of individuals recognized a conserved immunodominant S346-S365 region comprising nested human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR)- and HLA-DP-restricted epitopes.

Cytokine-Induced Memory-Like NK Cells with High Reactivity against Acute Leukemia Blasts and Solid Tumor Cells Suitable for Adoptive Immunotherapy Approaches.

The limited efficacy of Natural Killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy results in part from the suboptimal expansion and persistence of the infused cells. Recent reports suggest that the generation of NK cells with memory-like properties upon in vitro activation with defined cytokines might be an effective way of ensuring long-lasting NK cell function in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that activation with IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18 followed by a one-week culture with optimal doses of Interleukin (IL-2) and IL-15 generates substantial numbers of memory-like NK cells able to persist for at least three weeks when injected into NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice.

Verbal and Behavioral Expressions of Child Sexuality Among 1-6-Year-Olds as Observed by Daycare Professionals in Finland.

A safe childhood respecting sexual rights forms the foundation of an individual's sexual health. However, the understanding, support, and protection of early sexuality are seldom discussed. Children already express their sexuality verbally and behaviorally in daycare, often requiring a response from staff.

Comparative Study of Salivary, Duodenal, and Fecal Microbiota Composition Across Adult Celiac Disease.

Background: Growing evidence suggests that an altered microbiota composition contributes to the pathogenesis and clinical features in celiac disease (CD). We performed a comparative analysis of the gut microbiota in adulthood CD to evaluate whether: (i) dysbiosis anticipates mucosal lesions, (ii) gluten-free diet restores eubiosis, (iii) refractory CD has a peculiar microbial signature, and (iv) salivary and fecal communities overlap the mucosal one.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study where a total of 52 CD patients, including 13 active CD, 29 treated CD, 4 refractory CD, and 6 potential CD, were enrolled in a tertiary center together with 31 controls.

Reduced Efficacy of Biological Drugs in Psoriatic Patients with HLA-A Bw4-80I KIR Ligands.

Background: Biological drugs (biologics) are a highly effective therapy for the moderate to severe form of psoriasis, an immune-mediated dermatosis with a strong immunogenetic component. The interaction between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands and killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) has a functional significance in the education of natural killer (NK) cells, and can thus influence the response to biologics.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the impact of HLA-A and -B KIR ligands in the response to biologics in a cohort of psoriatic patients.

Decreased interferon-γ production by NK cells from KIR haplotype B carriers in hepatitis C virus infection.

Background And Aims: Different population genetics studies showed that interactions between killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and HLA play a role in viral disease outcome, but functional correlates are missing. Building upon our previous work pointing to a regulatory role for KIR3DL1/DS1 in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we analysed whether its expression may affect natural killer (NK) cell function in the presence or absence of its principal ligand HLA-Bw4 in KIR haplotype A and B carriers, which are characterized by a different representation of activating and inhibitory KIRs.

Methods: We performed KIR and HLA class I genotypic analysis in 54 healthy donors (HD) and 50 HCV+ subjects and examined NK cell cytokine secretion and degranulation in the context of KIR3DL1-HLA-Bw4 match stratified by KIR haplotype.

The Presence of HLA-A Bw4-80I KIR Ligands Could Predict "Difficult-to-Treat" Psoriasis and Poor Response to Etanercept.

Background: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated dermatosis with a wide genetic predisposition. The immunogenetic background, specifically interactions between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIRs), have functional significance in modulating natural killer (NK) cells and can influence susceptibility and response to biological therapy.

Objective: The main aim of this study was to correlate HLA-A and -B KIR ligands with response to biological therapy in patients with psoriasis.

Luminex xMAP technology is an effective strategy for high-definition human leukocyte antigen typing of cord blood units prior to listing.

Introduction: Allele-level donor-recipient match at HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C and HLA-DRB1 loci impacts the outcome after cord blood transplantation for hematologic malignancies and modifies the strategy of donor selection. High definition of both class I and II HLA loci at time of listing is a way to improve the attractiveness of cord blood bank inventories, reducing the time for donor search and procurement and simplifying donor choice, in particular, for patients of non-European heritage.

Methods: In 2014, Luminex xMAP technology was introduced in our laboratory practice and was applied to cord blood units typing.

Population-based enrolment of adolescents in a long-term follow-up trial of human papillomavirus vaccine efficacy.

We evaluated a study setting for assessment of the long-term vaccine efficacy (VE) of human papillomavirus (HPV) virus-like-particle (VLP) vaccine against cervical carcinoma. A total of 22,412 16- to 17-year old adolescent women from seven cities in Finland were invited by letter to participate in a phase III study of a quadrivalent HPV (types 6, 11, 16, 18) VLP vaccine, between September 2002 and March 2003. A total of 30,947 18-year old women were invited to participate as unvaccinated controls.

[Episodic headache, diminished performance and depressive mood].

By the example of two case reports, typical signs of caffeine withdrawal like headache, increased irritability, decreased performance and disturbed concentration are described. These symptoms occurred two times within one week in two healthy nonsmoking individuals volunteering in a scientific study including periods of 24 hours with standardized caffeine-free-diet. The two volunteers were used to a regular coffee consumption of eight cups per day (about 600 mg/day).

Positron emission tomography in clinical practice.

Positron emission tomography (PET) has been considered a research tool; however, advances in hardware and software, along with availability of small medical cyclotrons, make clinical metabolic imaging feasible. There is accumulating data, especially in the areas of neurology and cardiology, to support its use in the appropriate clinical setting and patient population.

[Five years experience with infra-inguinal arterial reconstruction: a comparison of venous with PTFE bypass].

Since January 1983 one surgeon of our team has performed 200 infrainguinal arterial reconstructions. Our patients had a mean age of 72 years and suffered from multiple concomitant diseases (coronary heart disease 35%, cerebro-vascular insufficiency 15%, hypertension 49% and diabetes mellitus 34%). The indication for arterial reconstruction was a chronic critical ischemia in every case.

Activity of ciprofloxacin against Mycobacteria in vitro: comparison of BACTEC and macrobroth dilution methods.

Various clinical isolates of mycobacteria were tested for susceptibility to ciprofloxacin by a standard macrobroth dilution test and the radiometric BACTEC method. Agreement between the two test systems was species dependent: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (80%), M. kansasii with M.

Activity of amikacin against Mycobacteria in vitro and in murine tuberculosis.

Amikacin was found to be a potent inhibitor of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. The drug was also active against some, but not all, strains of M. intracellulare, M.

Susceptibility of organisms in the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex to antituberculous and other antimicrobial agents.

Of 21 antimicrobial agents tested in vitro, amikacin was the most predictably active against clinical isolates belonging to the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex; however, only 50% of strains studied were susceptible to clinically attainable concentrations of the drug.