Temperature and salinity vertical profiles (CTD) data in the Ría de Vigo and adjacent shelf collected in the Radiales program, 1987-2020.

The Galician rías and their adjacent continental shelf form part of the northern boundary of the Canary Current upwelling system (CanCUS), one of the world's major eastern boundary upwelling ecosystems (EBUEs). During summer, prevailing northerly winds export surface water offshore, allowing deeper, cooler, nutrient-rich water to rise, creating a fertilizing effect on coastal waters that support valuable fisheries and aquaculture economy. This data article describes a time series of hydrographic data collected on a biweekly to monthly frequency from August 1987 to September 2020 in the interior of the Ría de Vigo (one of the aforementioned Galician rías) and its adjacent shelf.

The evolving landscape of COVID-19 and post-COVID condition in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A study by ERIC, the European research initiative on CLL.

In this retrospective international multicenter study, we describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and related disorders (small lymphocytic lymphoma and high-count monoclonal B lymphocytosis) infected by SARS-CoV-2, including the development of post-COVID condition. Data from 1540 patients with CLL infected by SARS-CoV-2 from January 2020 to May 2022 were included in the analysis and assigned to four phases based on cases disposition and SARS-CoV-2 variants emergence. Post-COVID condition was defined according to the WHO criteria.

Temperature and salinity trends in the northern limit of the Canary Current Upwelling System.

Thermohaline time series are crucial for detecting and quantifying abiotic changes in the marine environment, and even more so in the present global change scenario. This is particularly relevant for the Ría the Vigo and its adjacent shelf, a highly productive ecosystem at the northern limit of the Canary Current Upwelling System (CanCUS). This study analyses a 34-year time series (1987-2020) of Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) casts, the longest series available to date in the region.

COVID-19 severity and mortality in patients with CLL: an update of the international ERIC and Campus CLL study.

Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may be more susceptible to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to age, disease, and treatment-related immunosuppression. We aimed to assess risk factors of outcome and elucidate the impact of CLL-directed treatments on the course of COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective, international study, collectively including 941 patients with CLL and confirmed COVID-19.

Comparative performance of double-digest RAD sequencing across divergent arachnid lineages.

Next-generation sequencing technologies now allow researchers of non-model systems to perform genome-based studies without the requirement of a (often unavailable) closely related genomic reference. We evaluated the role of restriction endonuclease (RE) selection in double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) by generating reduced representation genome-wide data using four different RE combinations. Our expectation was that RE selections targeting longer, more complex restriction sites would recover fewer loci than RE with shorter, less complex sites.

A new monster from southwest Oregon forests: Cryptomaster behemoth sp. n. (Opiliones, Laniatores, Travunioidea).

The monotypic genus Cryptomaster Briggs, 1969 was described based on individuals from a single locality in southwestern Oregon. The described species Cryptomaster leviathan Briggs, 1969 was named for its large body size compared to most travunioid Laniatores. However, as the generic name suggests, Cryptomaster are notoriously difficult to find, and few subsequent collections have been recorded for this genus.

Computed tomographic anatomy of the head of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta).

The heads of three loggerhead sea turtles were disarticulated and imaged immediately to minimize postmortem changes and then frozen and sectioned. For computed tomography (CT) imaging, the heads were positioned in ventral recumbency. Transverse CT images with soft-tissue window were obtained from the olfactory sac region to the temporomandibular joint region.

Leptin down-regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) mRNA levels in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages.

Increased leptin levels are associated with cardiovascular disease in obesity although the mechanism is unknown. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a key regulator of macrophage lipid metabolism and its activation by thiazolidinediones protects against atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of human recombinant leptin on PPARgamma mRNA levels in primary human macrophages and macrophage-derived foam cells.

Impaired expression of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 and PPARgamma coactivator-1 in skeletal muscle of ZDF rats: restoration by troglitazone.

Type 2 diabetes has been related to a decrease of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content. In this study, we show increased expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) and its target genes involved in fatty acid metabolism in skeletal muscle of Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) (fa/fa) rats. In contrast, the mRNA levels of genes involved in glucose transport and utilization (GLUT4 and phosphofructokinase) were decreased, whereas the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK-4), which suppresses glucose oxidation, was increased.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and the control of inflammation.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors which form a subfamily of the nuclear receptor gene family. This subfamily consists of three isotypes, alpha (NR1C1), gamma (NR1C3), and beta/delta (NRC1C2) with a differential tissue distribution. PPARalpha is expressed primarily in tissues with a high level of fatty acid catabolism such as liver, brown fat, kidney, heart and skeletal muscle.

Down-regulation of acyl-CoA oxidase gene expression in heart of troglitazone-treated mice through a mechanism involving chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II.

Cardiac expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism may suffer alterations depending on the substrate availability. We studied how troglitazone, an antidiabetic drug that selectively activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), affected the expression of several of these genes. A single-day troglitazone administration (100 mg/kg/day) did not significantly alter plasma free fatty acids or triglyceride levels.

Differential effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activators on the mRNA levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are key regulators of macrophage lipid metabolism. We compared the effects of three PPAR activators (bezafibrate, fenofibrate, and troglitazone) on the mRNA levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism in primary human macrophages and macrophage-derived foam cells. Treatment of human macrophages for 24 hours with 100 micro mol/L bezafibrate, a nonselective drug that activates the 3 PPAR subtypes (PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta, and PPARgamma), caused an 87% (P <.

Reductions in plasma cholesterol levels after fenofibrate treatment are negatively correlated with resistin expression in human adipose tissue.

The adipocyte-derived cytokine, resistin, has been proposed as the link between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in murine models. In humans, resistin is identical to FIZZ3 (found in inflammatory zone 3), which belongs to a family of proteins that appears to be involved in inflammatory processes. To study the mechanisms by which fibrates improve glucose homeostasis, we determined resistin mRNA levels by using relative quantitative reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in omental white adipose tissue samples obtained from patients treated with placebo or fenofibrate (200 mg/d) for 8 weeks before elective cholecystectomy.

Down-regulation of acyl-CoA oxidase gene expression and increased NF-kappaB activity in etomoxir-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

Activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is required for hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes. Etomoxir is an irreversible inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I) that activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and induces cardiac hypertrophy through an unknown mechanism. We studied the mRNA expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in the heart of mice treated for 1 or 10 days with etomoxir (100 mg/kg/day).

Fibrate treatment does not modify the expression of acyl coenzyme A oxidase in human liver.

Background And Objectives: Fibrates induce hepatic peroxisome proliferation and carcinogenesis in rodents by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR(alpha)). There is no conclusive evidence that humans are unresponsive to peroxisome proliferation, and concern exists about the long-term safety of fibrate treatment.

Methods: In a university hospital setting, 48 patients with uncomplicated gallstones and a serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol greater than 130 mg/dL were randomly assigned to open-label treatment with bezafibrate (400 mg/d), fenofibrate (200 mg/d), gemfibrozil (900 mg/d), or placebo for 8 weeks before elective cholecystectomy.

Increased beta -oxidation but no insulin resistance or glucose intolerance in mice lacking adiponectin.

Previous reports showed that recombinant fragments of adiponectin (adipo) displayed pharmacological effects when injected into rodents, but the relevance of these observations to the physiological function of adipo is unclear. We generated Adipo(-/-) mice by gene targeting. Adipo(-/-) mice are fertile with normal body and fat pad weights.

Increased reactive oxygen species production down-regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated alpha pathway in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells.

Generation of reactive oxygen species may contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases involving intracellular lipid accumulation. To explore the mechanisms leading to these pathologies we tested the effects of etomoxir, an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I which contains a fatty acid-derived structure, in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Etomoxir treatment for 24 h resulted in a down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) mRNA expression, achieving an 87% reduction at 80 microm etomoxir.

Bezafibrate reduces mRNA levels of adipocyte markers and increases fatty acid oxidation in primary culture of adipocytes.

The molecular mechanisms by which peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activation by fibrates reduces fat deposition and improves insulin sensitivity are not completely understood. We report that exposure of a rat primary culture of adipocytes for 24 h to the PPAR activator bezafibrate increased the mRNA levels of crucial genes involved in peroxisomal and mitochondrial beta-oxidation. The mRNA levels of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation rate-limiting enzyme acyl-CoA oxidase and of the muscle-type carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (M-CPT-I), which determines the flux of mitochondrial beta-oxidation, increased by 1.

Uncoupling protein-3 mRNA up-regulation in C2C12 myotubes after etomoxir treatment.

Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are mitochondrial membrane proton transporters that uncouple respiration from oxidative phosphorylation by dissipating the proton gradient across the membrane. Treatment of C2C12 myotubes for 24 h with 40 microM etomoxir, an irreversible inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I), up-regulated uncoupling protein 3 (UCP-3) mRNA levels (2-fold induction), whereas UCP-2 mRNA levels were not modified. Etomoxir treatment also caused a 2.

Bezafibrate induces acyl-CoA oxidase mRNA levels and fatty acid peroxisomal beta-oxidation in rat white adipose tissue.

Rats treated with bezafibrate, a PPAR activator, gain less body weight and increase daily food intake. Previously, we have related these changes to a shift of thermogenesis from brown adipose tissue to white adipose tissue attributable to bezafibrate, which induces uncoupling proteins (UCP), UCP-1 and UCP-3, in rat white adipocytes. Nevertheless, UCP induction was weak, implying additional mechanisms in the change of energy homeostasis produced by bezafibrate.

Differential induction of stearoyl-CoA desaturase and acyl-CoA oxidase genes by fibrates in HepG2 cells.

We studied whether two typical effects of fibrates, induction of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (EC 1.14.99.

Down-regulation of uncoupling protein-3 and -2 by thiazolidinediones in C2C12 myotubes.

Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are mitochondrial membrane proton transporters that uncouple respiration from oxidative phosphorylation by dissipating the proton gradient across the membrane. We studied the direct effect of several peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands on UCP-3 and UCP-2 mRNA expression in C2C12 myotubes for 24 h. In the absence of exogenous fatty acids, treatment of C2C12 cells with a selective PPARalpha activator (Wy-14,643) or a non-selective PPAR activator (bezafibrate) did not affect the expression of UCP-3 mRNA levels, whereas UCP-2 expression was slightly increased.