Mechanochemistry: Unravelling the Impact of Metal Leaching in Organic Synthesis.

Solvent-free techniques have gained considerable attention in recent years due to their environmental advantages and potential to enable chemical reactivities beyond the reach of traditional solution-based methods. Mechanochemistry has emerged as a groundbreaking approach to drive sustainable chemical processes. Despite its promise, some challenges still need to be explored, including the overlooked issue of material leaching during grinding, a phenomenon in which components from milling media or reaction vessels, such as stainless steel, unintentionally alter reaction outcomes.

Lipidomics of Caco-2 Cells Under Simulated Microgravity Conditions.

Microgravity may profoundly impact the cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle system, and immune system of astronauts. At the cellular level, microgravity may also affect cell proliferation, differentiation, and growth, as well as lipid metabolism. In this work, we investigated lipid changes in Caco-2 cells cultured in a clinostat for 24 h under simulated microgravity conditions (SMC).

Ion Mobility QTOF-MS Untargeted Lipidomics of Human Serum Reveals a Metabolic Fingerprint for GNE Myopathy.

GNE myopathy, also known as hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM), is a rare genetic muscle disorder marked by a gradual onset of muscle weakness in young adults. GNE myopathy (GNEM) is caused by bi-allelic variants in the UDP--acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase)/-acetylmannosamine kinase (ManNAc kinase) gene (), clinically resulting in the loss of ambulation within 10-20 years from the onset of the initial symptoms. The disease's mechanism is poorly understood and non-invasive biomarkers are lacking, hindering effective therapy development.

Exploring the 1-(4-Nitrophenyl)-3-arylprop-2-en-1-one Scaffold for the Selective Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidase B.

A small library of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-arylprop-2-en-1-one derivatives was synthesized to identify new human monoamine oxidase B selective inhibitors. Their inhibitory activity toward MAO-A and MAO-B isoforms was evaluated to determine their potency and selectivity. All newly synthesized compounds were nanomolar inhibitors of the B isoform with IC concentrations ranging from 120 to 2.

Polyphenolic Content and Antimicrobial Effects of Plant Extracts as Adjuncts for Craft Herbal Beer Stabilization.

Extracts from locally grown aromatic plants can enhance the geographical characteristics and microbial stability of craft beers, which are often not pasteurized or filtered. Here, the chemical and antimicrobial properties of aqueous extracts from leaves of L., L.

Substrate-dependent regiodivergence in [3 + 2] annulation reactions of 2-(phenacylethylidene)cyclobutanones with thioureas.

The [3 + 2] annulation reaction between a thiourea, an ambident dinucleophile, and a 2-(phenacylethylidene)cyclobutanone, containing a novel pull-pull alkene system, could in principle proceed with several chemo- and regioselectivity profiles. Here we describe a convenient synthesis of the functionalized cyclobutanone substrates and show that they react with thioureas in a manner that is rationalized mechanistically in terms of the steric and electronic effects at play. The [3 + 2] annulation proceeds in mild, additive-free conditions to provide access to previously unknown cyclobutane-fused imidazolidine-2-thione and thiazolidine-2-imine derivatives in good yields.

Volatilome changes during black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) ontogeny.

The aroma is critical in the reproductive biology of truffles and in their commercial quality. However, previous research has almost exclusively focused on characterizing ripe ascocarps. We characterized the volatilome of the highly-prized black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) ascocarps from July, in an early development stage, to March, in the late harvesting season, and investigated the relationships among aroma, ascocarp growth and morphogenetic development.

Lipidomics of sheep and goat Milk-based infant formulae during in vitro dynamic digestion.

Lipid hydrolysis process during IF digestion, particularly the characterization of the lipidome and the resulting lipid breakdown products, has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to compare the lipid hydrolysis profiles during the in vitro dynamic digestion of IFs made from whole sheep and goat milk. Using a lipidomics platform and multivariate statistical analysis, we observed changes in complex lipid levels during digestion.

Cultivation and nutritional characteristics of Chlorella vulgaris cultivated using Martian regolith and synthetic urine.

Long-term spatial missions will require sustainable methods for biomass production using locally available resources. This study investigates the feasibility of cultivating Chlorella vulgaris, a high value microalgal specie, using a leachate of Martian regolith and synthetic human urine as nutrient sources. The microalga was grown in a standard medium (BBM) mixed with 0, 20, 40, 60, or 100 % Martian medium (MM).

The production of FAHFA is enhanced when Haematococcus pluvialis is grown in CO.

Microalgae are considered as a potential source of bioactive compounds to be used in different fields including food and pharmaceutical industry. In this context, fatty acid esters of hydroxy-fatty acids (FAHFA) are emerging as a new class of compounds with anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties. An existing gap in the field of algal research is the limited knowledge regarding the production of these compounds.

Comparative Metabolomic Profiling of Eggs from 3 Diverse Chicken Breeds Using GC-MS Analysis.

Eggs, as a crucial source of essential nutrients for consumers, possess a high nutritional value owing to their rich composition of vital components essential for human health. While previous research has extensively investigated genetic factors influencing egg quality, there has been a limited focus on exploring the impact of specific strains, particularly within the African context, on the polar metabolite profile of eggs. In this extensive study, we conducted an untargeted analysis of the chemical composition of both albumen and yolk from 3 distinct strains of hens-Blue Holland, Sasso, and Wassache-raised under identical feeding conditions.

Cultivation of Using Available In Situ Resources to Sustain Life on Mars.

The cultivation of cyanobacteria by exploiting available in situ resources represents a possible way to supply food and oxygen to astronauts during long-term crewed missions on Mars. Here, we evaluated the possibility of cultivating the extremophile cyanobacterium CCALA 050 under operating conditions that should occur within a dome hosting a recently patented process to produce nutrients and oxygen on Mars. The medium adopted to cultivate this cyanobacterium, named Martian medium, was obtained using a mixture of regolith leachate and astronauts' urine simulants that would be available in situ resources whose exploitation could reduce the mission payload.

Dihydroxyphenyl- and Heteroaromatic-Based Thienopyrimidinones to Tackle HIV-1 LEDGF/p75-Dependent IN Activity.

The spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) still represents a global public health issue of major concern, and would benefit from unveiling unique viral features as targets for drug design. In this respect, HIV-1 integrase (IN), due to the absence of homologs in human cells, is a popular target for the synthesis of novel selective compounds. Moreover, as drug-resistant viral strains are rapidly evolving, the development of novel allosteric inhibitors is acutely required.

In silico characterization of ligand-receptor interactions for U-47700, N,N-didesmethyl-U-47700, U-50488 at mu- and kappa-opioid receptors.

The increasing misuse of novel synthetic opioids (NSOs) represents a serious public health concern. In this regard, U-47700 (trans-3,4-dichloro-N-[2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-methylbenzamide) and related "U-compounds" emerged on recreational drug markets as synthetic substitutes for illicit heroin and constituents of counterfeit pain medications. While the pharmacology of U-compounds has been investigated using in vitro and in vivo methods, there is still a lack of understanding about the details of ligand-receptor interactions at the molecular level.

Mechanochemistry Frees Thiourea Dioxide (TDO) from the 'Veils' of Solvent, Exposing All Its Reactivity.

The synthesis of nitrogen-based heterocycles has always been considered essential in developing pharmaceuticals in medicine and agriculture. This explains why various synthetic approaches have been proposed in recent decades. However performing as methods, they often imply harsh conditions or the employment of toxic solvents and dangerous reagents.

Untargeted Lipidomics of Erythrocytes under Simulated Microgravity Conditions.

Lipidomics and metabolomics are nowadays widely used to provide promising insights into the pathophysiology of cellular stress disorders. Our study expands, with the use of a hyphenated ion mobility mass spectrometric platform, the understanding of the cellular processes and stress due to microgravity. By lipid profiling of human erythrocytes, we annotated complex lipids such as oxidized phosphocholines, phosphocholines bearing arachidonic in their moiety, as well as sphingomyelins and hexosyl ceramides associated with microgravity conditions.

Structural Elucidation of Relevant Gibberellic Acid Impurities and Investigation of Their Interaction with Soluble Gibberellin Receptor GID1.

Gibberellin derivatives are a family of tetracyclic diterpenoid plant hormones used in agriculture as plant growth regulators included in the European Directive 91/414. In the pesticide peer review process and to assess their toxicological relevance and product chemical equivalence, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) highlighted data gaps such as the identification of hydrolysis products and unknown impurities. The aspect of impurity characterization and quantitation is challenging and requires the use of hyphenated analytical techniques.

Sex Hormones as Key Modulators of the Immune Response in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review.

Background: A variety of autoimmune diseases, including MS, amplify sex-based physiological differences in immunological responsiveness. Female MS patients experience pathophysiological changes during reproductive phases (pregnancy and menopause). Sex hormones can act on immune cells, potentially enabling them to modify MS risk, activity, and progression, and to play a role in treatment.

Metabolomics analysis of plasma samples of patients with fibromyalgia and electromagnetic sensitivity using GC-MS technique.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic and systemic condition that causes widespread chronic pain, asthenia, and muscle stiffness, as well as in some cases depression, anxiety, and disorders of the autonomic system. The exact causes that lead to the development of FM are still unknown today. In a percentage of individuals, the symptoms of FM are often triggered and/or exacerbated by proximity to electrical and electromagnetic devices.

Characterization of Nasco grape pomace-loaded nutriosomes and their neuroprotective effects in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

Grape pomaces have recently received great attention for their richness in polyphenols, compounds known to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. These pomaces, however, have low brain bioavailability when administered orally due to their extensive degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. To overcome this problem, Nasco pomace extract was incorporated into a novel nanovesicle system called nutriosomes, composed of phospholipids (S75) and water-soluble maltodextrin (Nutriose FM06).

Understanding the Behaviour of Human Cell Types under Simulated Microgravity Conditions: The Case of Erythrocytes.

Erythrocytes are highly specialized cells in human body, and their main function is to ensure the gas exchanges, O and CO, within the body. The exposure to microgravity environment leads to several health risks such as those affecting red blood cells. In this work, we investigated the changes that occur in the structure and function of red blood cells under simulated microgravity, compared to terrestrial conditions, at different time points using biochemical and biophysical techniques.

Sex-specific effects of daily tadalafil on diabetic heart kinetics in RECOGITO, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibition has been shown to counteract maladaptive cardiac changes triggered by diabetes in some but not all studies. We performed a single-center, 20-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (NCT01803828) to assess sex differences in cardiac remodeling after PDE5 inhibition in patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy. A total of 122 men and women (45 to 80 years) with long-duration (>3 years) and well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; HbA1c < 86 mmol/mol) were selected according to echocardiographic signs of cardiac remodeling.

Evidence for enhanced dissipation of chlorpyrifos in an agricultural soil inoculated with Serratia rubidaea strain ABS 10.

The insecticide C-chlorpyrifos was found mineralized in a Tunisian soil with repeated exposure to it. From this soil, a bacterial strain was isolated that was able to grow in a minimal salt medium (MSM) supplemented with 25 mg L of chlorpyrifos. It was characterized as Serratia rubidaea strain ABS 10 using morphological and biochemical analyses, as well as 16S rRNA sequencing.