Development and evaluation of an ovarian hormone profile classification tool for female athletes: step one of a two-step process to determine ovarian hormone profiles.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a reliable, comprehensive and fit-for-purpose tool for classifying ovarian hormone profiles (OHPs) (step one of a two-step process) in postmenarcheal to perimenopausal female athletes.

Methods: The OHP classification tool was designed by a team of sport scientists, practitioners and medics and is intended for use by sport practitioners. It incorporates self-reported data and guides subsequent verification methods.

Life-Course Socioeconomic Position and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Midlife: Evidence from the 1958 British Birth Cohort.

Background: Dementia has been the leading cause of death in the UK since 2015. Increasing evidence supports an association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and dementia onset in later life. However, limited studies have examined how life-course SEP influences the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an intermediate state potentially preceding dementia.

Predictors of chronic loneliness during adolescence: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Adolescent loneliness is a growing public health issue owing to its adverse health impact. Although adolescent loneliness is common, its trajectories can show distinct patterns over time. However, there is limited knowledge regarding their determinants, particularly for chronic loneliness.

Non-pharmacological interventions for vascular health and the role of the endothelium.

The most common non-pharmacological intervention for both peripheral and cerebral vascular health is regular physical activity (e.g., exercise training), which improves function across a range of exercise intensities and modalities.

Cool-Water Immersion Reduces Postexercise Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Perfusion More Than Cold-Water Immersion.

Purpose: The muscle perfusion response to postexercise cold-water immersion (CWI) is not well understood. We examined the effects of graded postexercise CWI upon global and regional quadriceps femoris muscle perfusion using positron emission tomography and [15O]H2O.

Methods: Using a matched-group design, 30 healthy men performed cycle ergometer exercise at 70% V̇O2peak to a core body temperature of 38°C, followed by either 10 min of CWI at 8°C, 22°C, or seated rest (control).

The effects of exercise training in the cold on cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular function in young healthy individuals.

Exercise elicits acute increases in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) and provokes long-term beneficial effects on CBFv, thereby reducing cerebrovascular risk. Acute exposure to a cold stimulus also increases CBFv. We compared the impact of exercise training in cold and thermoneutral environments on CFBv, cerebrovascular function and peripheral endothelial function.

Mental health and social difficulties of late-diagnosed autistic children, across childhood and adolescence.

Background: Autism can be diagnosed from 2 years of age, although most autistic people receive their diagnosis later than this after they have started education. Research is required to understand why some autistic children are diagnosed late, and the level and nature of unmet need prior to diagnosis for late-diagnosed children.

Methods: We examined trajectories of emotional, behavioural and social difficulties (EBSDs) across childhood and adolescence, comparing 'earlier-diagnosed' (diagnosed 7 years or younger) with 'late-diagnosed' (diagnosed between 8 and 14 years) autistic children.

Lower help-seeking intentions mediate subsequent depressive symptoms among adolescents with high autistic traits: a population-based cohort study.

Adolescents with high autistic traits are at increased risk of depression. Despite the importance of seeking help for early intervention, evidence on help-seeking intentions amongst this population is scarce. Using a population-based cohort in Japan, we examined adolescents' help-seeking intentions and preferences by the level of autistic traits and tested its mediating role on the association between high autistic traits and depressive symptoms.

The Role of Facets of Job Satisfaction in the National and Socioeconomic Differences in Overall Job Satisfaction: A Comparison Between Studies of Civil Servants in Great Britain and Japan.

Objective: To explore national and socioeconomic differences in overall job satisfaction, we examined whether those differences can be explained by what job-related factors.

Methods: Our datasets for this study are from the Whitehall II study and the Japan Civil Servant Study. Of the participants who were 5540 cases, with 3250 people from Great Britain and 2290 from Japan.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Examining Whether Changing Ovarian Sex Steroid Hormone Levels Influence Cerebrovascular Function.

Sex differences in cerebrovascular disease rates indicate a possible role for ovarian sex steroid hormones in cerebrovascular function. To synthesise and identify knowledge gaps, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess how ovarian sex steroid hormone changes across the lifespan affect cerebrovascular function in women. Three databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE and Web of Science) were systematically searched for studies on adult cerebrovascular function and ovarian sex steroid hormones.

Associations between social media usage and alcohol use among youths and young adults: findings from Understanding Society.

Background And Aims: Given the decline in alcohol consumption and rise in technological use among young people, there is a need to investigate whether technology use might influence how young people drink. This study explores how social media use and changes in social media use over time could affect alcohol use among youths.

Design: The UK Household Longitudinal Study (Understanding Society).

Examining the associations between oral health and social isolation: A cross-national comparative study between Japan and England.

In Western countries, the most important part of the face in communication is the mouth, whereas it is the eyes in Asian countries; thus oral health could be more important in social interactions in Western countries. Our aim was to examine differences in the association between oral health status and social isolation among older people by comparing Japan and England. We used cross-sectional information obtained from adults aged 65+ in two ongoing prospective cohort studies: The Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES, N = 120,195) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA, N = 3,958).

Association between social isolation and depression onset among older adults: a cross-national longitudinal study in England and Japan.

Objective: Social isolation is a risk factor for depression in older age. However, little is known regarding whether its impact varies depending on country-specific cultural contexts regarding social relationships. The present study examined the association of social isolation with depression onset among older adults in England, which has taken advanced measures against social isolation, and Japan, a super-aged society with a rapidly increasing number of socially isolated people.

Corrigendum: Cerebral Hemodynamic and Neurotrophic Factor Responses Are Dependent on the Type of Exercise.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.

Gestational age on trajectories of social competence difficulties into adolescence.

Objectives: To examine if gestational age groups predict the development of social competence difficulties (SCDs) from childhood into mid-adolescence and to assess the mediation by maternal psychological distress during infancy on these trajectories.

Design: Nationally representative population-based birth cohort (UK Millennium Cohort Study).

Participants: 15 821 children born in 2000-2002.

Ergogenic effect of pre-exercise chicken broth ingestion on a high-intensity cycling time-trial.

Background: chicken meat extract is a popular functional food in Asia. It is rich in the bioactive compounds carnosine and anserine, two histidine-containing dipeptides (HCD). Studies suggest that acute pre-exercise ingestion of chicken extracts has important applications towards exercise performance and fatigue control, but the evidence is equivocal.

Cerebral Hemodynamic and Neurotrophic Factor Responses Are Dependent on the Type of Exercise.

This study examined acute cerebral hemodynamic and circulating neurotrophic factor responses to moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICT), guideline-based high intensity interval exercise (HIIT), and sprint interval exercise (SIT). We hypothesized that the pattern of middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) response would differ between interval and continuous exercise, with SIT inducing the smallest increase from rest, while increases in neurotrophic factors would be intensity-dependent. In a randomized crossover design, 24 healthy adults (nine females) performed three exercise protocols: (i) MICT (30 min), (ii) HIIT (4 × 4 min at 85% HR), and (iii) SIT (4 × 30 s supramaximal).

Impact of proximal and distal cuff inflation on brachial artery endothelial function in healthy individuals.

Purpose: In this study, we examined whether the decrease in endothelial function associated with short-term exposure to elevated retrograde shear rate (SR), could be prevented when combined with a concurrent drop in transmural pressure in humans.

Methods: Twenty-five healthy individuals reported to our laboratory on three occasions to complete 30-min experimental conditions, preceded and followed by assessment of endothelial function using flow-mediated dilation (FMD). We used cuff inflation for 30-min to manipulate retrograde SR and transmural pressure in the brachial artery.

Appetite disinhibition rather than hunger explains genetic effects on adult BMI trajectory.

Background/objectives: The mediating role of eating behaviors in genetic susceptibility to weight gain during mid-adult life is not fully understood. This longitudinal study aims to help us understand contributions of genetic susceptibility and appetite to weight gain.

Subjects/methods: We followed the body-mass index (BMI) trajectories of 2464 adults from 45 to 65 years of age by measuring weight and height on four occasions at 5-year intervals.

Cross-national comparison of social isolation and mortality among older adults: A 10-year follow-up study in Japan and England.

Aim: Existing evidence links social isolation with poor health. To examine differences in the mortality risk by social isolation, and in socio-economic correlates of social isolation, we analyzed large-scale cohort studies in Japan and England.

Methods: Participants were drawn from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA).

Risk of postpartum depression and very early child mistreatment among mothers reporting higher autistic traits: Evidence from the Japan Environment and Children's Study.

Background: Little is known about how mothers who report higher autistic traits face new parenthood. This study examined the association between antenatal non-clinical autistic traits and the risks of both postpartum depression (PPD) and child mistreatment at one-month postpartum and if these associations were mediated by preexisting social support.

Methods: Participants included 73,532 singleton mothers without histories of psychiatric conditions from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a nationwide birth cohort.

The Role of Decision-Making in Psychological Wellbeing and Risky Behaviours in Autistic Adolescents Without ADHD: Longitudinal Evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study.

This study examined the development of decision-making and its association with psychological wellbeing and risky behaviours in adolescents with and without autism. Participants included 270 autistic and 9,713 typically developing adolescents. In both samples, those with a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were excluded.