Physical and mental demand during direct anterior total hip arthroplasty: Comparison of robotic-assisted and conventional techniques.

Introduction: The adoption of new techniques, such as the direct anterior (DA) approach, and technologies, such as robotic assistance, in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has the potential to alleviate the intraoperative physical and mental demand that surgeons experience. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the physical and mental demand of surgeons performing conventional DA THA with fluoroscopy and robotic-assisted DA THA without fluoroscopy.

Methods: Two orthopaedic surgeons completed bilateral DA THA's on six cadaveric specimens.

Reflections on Several Landmark Advances in Circadian Biology.

Circadian Biology intersects with diverse scientific domains, intricately woven into the fabric of organismal physiology and behavior. The rhythmic orchestration of life by the circadian clock serves as a focal point for researchers across disciplines. This retrospective examination delves into several of the scientific milestones that have fundamentally shaped our contemporary understanding of circadian rhythms.

Timely Questions Emerging in Chronobiology: The Circadian Clock Keeps on Ticking.

Chronobiology investigations have revealed much about cellular and physiological clockworks but we are far from having a complete mechanistic understanding of the physiological and ecological implications. Here we present some unresolved questions in circadian biology research as posed by the editorial staff and guest contributors to the Journal of Circadian Rhythms. This collection of ideas is not meant to be comprehensive but does reveal the breadth of our observations on emerging trends in chronobiology and circadian biology.

Urothelial carcinoma masquerading as retroperitoneal fibrosis: A case report.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis, a rare and often idiopathic condition, poses significant diagnostic challenges. While most cases are considered idiopathic or immune-mediated, a small but important proportion are associated with malignant neoplasms, with implications for prognosis and management. The present study describes the case of a 69-year-old man who presented to the emergency department of the Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital (Granada, Spain), with a 2-week history of epigastric pain, vomiting and altered bowel habits.

Can Robotic-Arm Assistance Decrease Iatrogenic Soft-Tissue Damage During Direct Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty?

Introduction: Manual techniques for total hip arthroplasty (THA) have been widely utilized and proven to be clinically successful. However, the use of advanced computed tomography (CT) scan-based planning and haptically-bounded reamers in robotic-arm assisted total hip arthroplasty (RTHA) holds promise for potentially limiting surrounding soft-tissue damage. This cadaver-based study aimed to compare the extent of soft-tissue damage between a robotic-arm assisted, haptically-guided THA (RTHA) and a manual, fluoroscopic-guided THA (MTHA) direct anterior approach.

Changes in the Immunology of Breast Milk From Obese or Overweight Women: a Brief Review.

A systematic search was carried out through search platforms and specialized databases, such as Academic Google, PubMed, and Scopus, using thesauri: breast feeding, obesity, immunology, and human milk in English and Spanish, and those articles published from January 2000 to December 2021, in both languages. Only those reports that included quantitative data on immunological components in the milk of normal-weight and overweight women were considered. The PRISMA 2020 guides were used, and a total of 306 articles were reviewed, of which a total of 33 were included, according to the basic inclusion criteria.

Effect of a Hedonic Stimulus on the Sleep Architecture of Male Wistar Rats.

 Nocturnal animals forage and eat during the night and sleep during the day. When food is available only for a short period during the day, animals develop a catabolic state and exhibit locomotor behavior before accessing food, termed . Consequently, there is a disruption in the sleep pattern.

Robotic-assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty Technology Provides a Repeatable and Reproducible Method of Assessing Soft Tissue Balance.

Soft-tissue balancing is an important factor in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), with 30 to 50% of TKA revisions attributed to technical operative factors including soft-tissue balancing. Robotic-assisted TKA (RATKA) offers opportunities for improved soft-tissue balancing methods. This study aimed to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of ligamentous laxity assessments during RATKA using a digital tensioner.

Using Software to Implant Orthopaedic Hardware: Surgeon Intraoperative Confidence Increased with Latest Technological Updates.

Background: Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been associated with improved accuracy and precision of implant placement, protection of soft tissue, and improved patient-reported postoperative outcomes when compared to manual TKA techniques. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of surgical confidence throughout the learning curve when adopting robotic-assisted platforms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the confidence and efficiencies of surgeons when utilizing computed tomography (CT)-based robotic TKA technology.

Understanding how self-management education and support programmes for type 2 diabetes are expected to change behaviour: A document analysis of two programmes.

Aims: Attendance at diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) programmes for type 2 diabetes is associated with positive outcomes, but the impact on some outcomes is inconsistent and tends to decline over time. Understanding the active ingredients of effective programmes is essential to optimise their effectiveness. This study aimed to (1) retrospectively identify behaviour change techniques (BCTs), mechanisms of action (MoAs) and intervention functions in two DSMES programmes, the Community-Oriented Diabetes Education and the Diabetes Education and Self-Management for Ongoing and Newly Diagnosed and (2) examine variation in content between programmes.

Obesity-mediated Lipoinflammation Modulates Food Reward Responses.

Accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) during obesity is associated with the development of chronic low-grade inflammation, a biological process known as lipoinflammation. Systemic and central lipoinflammation accumulates pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in plasma and also in brain, disrupting neurometabolism and cognitive behavior. Obesity-mediated lipoinflammation has been reported in brain regions of the mesocorticolimbic reward circuit leading to alterations in the perception and consumption of ultra-processed foods.

Activation of the central but not the medial and cortical amygdala during anticipation for daily nursing in the rabbit.

Rabbits have remarkable nursing behavior: after parturition, does visit daily their pups for nursing only once with circadian periodicity. Before the nursing events, they present increased activity and arousal, which shift according to the timing of scheduled nursing, either during the day or night. Brain areas related to maternal behavior and neuroendocrine cells for milk secretion are also entrained.

Breast Milk and the Importance of Chrononutrition.

During pregnancy the human fetus receives timed cues from the circadian rhythms of temperature, metabolites, and hormones from the mother. This influence is interrupted after parturition, the infant does not secrete melatonin and their circadian rhythms are still immature. However, evolution provided the solution to this problem.

Rabbits can be conditioned in a food-induced place preference paradigm.

The conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm has been employed in behavioral studies to investigate the responses to an environment where a reinforcing event occurs. It is applied to reveal incentive motivational responses to reward-related stimuli. It is standardized and widely applied in mice and rats, two of the most common species of laboratory animals.

Breastfeeding Contributes to Physiological Immune Programming in the Newborn.

The first 1,000 days in the life of a human being are a vulnerable stage where early stimuli may program adverse health outcomes in future life. Proper maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy modulates the development of the fetus, a physiological process known as fetal programming. Defective programming promotes non-communicable chronic diseases in the newborn which might be prevented by postnatal interventions such as breastfeeding.

Oxytocinergic cells of the posterior hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus participate in the food entrained clock.

The mechanisms underlying food anticipatory activity are still poorly understood. Here we explored the role of oxytocin (OT) and the protein c-Fos in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), medial (PVNm) and posterior (PVNp) regions of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. Adult rats were assigned to one of four groups: scheduled restricted feeding (RF), ad libitum (AL), fasting after restricted feeding (RF-F), to explore the possible persistence of oscillations, or ad libitum fasted (AL-F).

Food Entrainment, Arousal, and Motivation in the Neonatal Rabbit Pup.

In the newborn rabbit, the light entrainable circadian system is immature and once a day nursing provides the primary timing cue for entrainment. In advance of the mother's arrival, pups display food anticipatory activity (FAA), and metabolic and physiological parameters are synchronized to this daily event. Central structures in the brain are also entrained as indicated by expression of Fos and Per1 proteins, GFAP, a glial marker, and cytochrome oxidase activity.

Oxytocinergic Cells of the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Are Involved in Food Entrainment.

When food is presented at a specific time of day subjects develop intense locomotor behavior before food presentation, termed food anticipatory activity (FAA). Metabolic and hormonal parameters, as well as neural structures also shift their rhythm according to mealtime. Food-entrained activity rhythms are thought to be driven by a distributed system of central and peripheral oscillators sensitive to food cues, but it is not well understood how they are organized for the expression of FAA.

Differential effects of acute and chronic treatment with the flavonoid chrysin on anxiety-like behavior and Fos immunoreactivity in the lateral septal nucleus in rats.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of acute (a single injection) and chronic (21 consecutive days) treatments with chrysin 2, 4, and 8 μmol kg-1 on anxiety-like behavior and Fos immunoreactivity in the lateral septum nucleus (LSN), a structure that is involved in the regulation of anxiety, in male Wistar rats. These effects were compared with the clinically effective anxiolytic diazepam 7 μmol kg-1. The results showed that acute, but not chronic treatment, with 4 μmol kg-1 chrysin exerted anxiolytic- and anti- depressant-like effects with these effects being similar to that of diazepam.

Daily changes in GFAP expression in radial glia of the olfactory bulb in rabbit pups entrained to circadian feeding.

When food is restricted daily to a fixed time, animals show uncoupled molecular, physiological and behavioral circadian rhythms from those entrained by light and controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The loci of the food-entrainable oscillator and the mechanisms by which rhythms emerge are unclear. Using animals entrained to the light-dark cycle, recent studies indicate that astrocytes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus play a key role in the regulation of circadian rhythms.

Acute effect of an infusion of on despair-like behavior and activation of oxytocin hypothalamic cells in Wistar rats.

Background And Aim: In Mexican traditional medicine, () has been used as a remedy for reproductive impairments and mood swings. In pre-clinical research, both the extract and some of its active metabolites have produced oxytocinergic-like effects on female reproductive organs; however, there are no detailed studies of its effects on mood swing and brain structures. The aim of this study, was to analyze the behavioral effects of acute administration of a infusion on male rats, during the Open Field (OFT) and Forced Swim (FST) Tests, and their association with the activation of oxytocin (OXT) cells, indicated by Fos protein (Fos/OXT) in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON).

Maternal care activates the ventral tegmental area but not dopaminergic cells in the rat.

The ventral tegmental area (VTA), together with the preoptic area, is part of a neural circuit necessary for the expression of maternal behaviour (MB); destruction of either area disrupts MB in postpartum rats. Central to the proposal of VTA activation are dopaminergic cells, for which the cell bodies lie in the VTA and project to forebrain structures. This mesolimbic system is a motivational circuit involved in rewarding behaviours such as sex and MB.

Long-term ovariectomy increases anxiety- and despair-like behaviors associated with lower Fos immunoreactivity in the lateral septal nucleus in rats.

In woman, surgical menopause is associated with anxiety and depression symptoms. Ovariectomy in rats has been proposed as an experimental model of surgical menopause, but its long-term effects on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and relationship with cellular changes in specific brain structures are unknown. The effects of ovariectomy on anxiety- and despair-like behavior 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15-weeks postovariectomy were evaluated.