Enhancing pharmacogenomic data accessibility and drug safety with large language models: a case study with Llama3.1.

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) holds the promise of personalizing medical treatments based on individual genetic profiles, thereby enhancing drug efficacy and safety. However, the current landscape of PGx research is hindered by fragmented data sources, time-consuming manual data extraction processes, and the need for comprehensive and up-to-date information. This study aims to address these challenges by evaluating the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically Llama3.

Associations of cognitive test performance with self-reported mental health, cognition, and quality of life in adults with functional seizures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

People with functional seizures (FS) have frequent and disabling cognitive dysfunction and mental health symptoms, with low quality of life. However, interrelationships among these constructs are poorly understood. In this meta-analysis, we examined associations between objective (i.

External validation of the Memory Assessment Clinics Scale for Epilepsy (MAC-E).

Objective: This study aimed to externally validate the Memory Assessment Clinics Scale for Epilepsy (MAC-E), a brief self-report measure of subjective memory complaints in adults with epilepsy.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including adults with focal pharmacoresistant epilepsy from three Level 4 epilepsy centers in the U.S.

Empowering Early Career Neurosurgeons in the Critical Appraisal of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: The Design and Evaluation of a Pilot Course.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to play a greater role in neurosurgery. There is a need for neurosurgeons capable of critically appraising AI literature to evaluate its implementation or communicate information to patients. However, there are a lack of courses delivered at a level appropriate for individuals to develop such skills.

Cognitive functioning in patients with neuro-PASC: the role of fatigue, mood, and hospitalization status.

This study sought to characterize cognitive functioning in patients with neurological post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Neuro-PASC) and investigate the association of subjective and objective functioning along with other relevant factors with prior hospitalization for COVID-19. Participants were 106 adult outpatients with Neuro-PASC referred for abbreviated neuropsychological assessment after scoring worse than one standard deviation below the mean on cognitive screening. Of these patients, 23 had been hospitalized and 83 had not been hospitalized for COVID-19.

Reduced Subjective Cognitive Concerns With Neurobehavioral Therapy in Functional Seizures and Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: Functional seizures are common among people with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Subjective cognitive concerns refer to a person's own perception of problems with cognitive functioning in everyday life. The authors investigated the presence and correlates of subjective cognitive concerns and the response to neurobehavioral therapy among adults with TBI and functional seizures (TBI+FS group).

Litigation, Performance Validity Testing, and Treatment Outcomes in Adults With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To investigate whether involvement in litigation and performance validity test (PVT) failure predict adherence to treatment and treatment outcomes in adults with persistent symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Setting: Outpatient concussion clinics in British Columbia, Canada. Participants were assessed at intake (average 12.

A review of slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

Hip pain in children is common, with causes ranging from the benign to destructive. This article reviews slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), one of the most common hip pathologies in preadolescents and adolescents, which often is missed or delayed in diagnosis because of its vague, atypical presentation.

Temporal patterns of physical activity in successful weight loss maintainers.

Background/objectives: Individuals successful at weight loss maintenance engage in high amounts of physical activity (PA). Understanding how and when weight loss maintainers accumulate PA within a day and across the week may inform PA promotion strategies and recommendations for weight management.

Methods: We compared patterns of PA in a cohort of weight loss maintainers (WLM, n = 28, maintaining ≥13.

Modulation of Estrogen α and Progesterone Receptors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines: The Effects of Vorinostat and Indole-3-Carbinol In Vitro.

Background/aim: Triple negative cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that is highly aggressive, with poor prognosis and responds differently to treatments. This study investigated the role of vorinostat and indole-3-carbinol (I3C) on regulating critical receptors that are not normally expressed in TNBC.

Materials And Methods: Using real-time PCR, immunostaining, and western blots, the re-expression of estrogen receptor α (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) receptors was examined in four different TNBC cell types.

Decreased placental folate transporter expression and activity in first and second trimester in obese mothers.

Obese women have an approximately twofold higher risk to deliver an infant with neural tube defects (NTDs) despite folate supplementation. Placental transfer of folate is mediated by folate receptor alpha (FR-α), proton coupled folate transporter (PCFT), and reduced folate carrier (RFC). Decreased placental transport may contribute to NTDs in obese women.

DICER1 mutation and pituitary prolactinoma.

A young woman carrying germline DICER1 mutation was discovered to have a pituitary microprolactinoma when she became amenorrhoic. The mutation was identified as a result of family screening following the early death of the patient’s daughter with ovarian cancer. The patient was in follow-up screening for thyroid disease, and investigations were initiated when she became amenorrhoic.

Time Course of C-Reactive Protein and Procalcitonin Levels During the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin Infections.

In a pilot study of 22 patients with an acute bacterial skin infection, serum levels of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin tended to be elevated at presentation and declined within 3-5 days of treatment. Further study of a biomarker-guided treatment strategy to reduce antibiotic overuse in skin infections is warranted.

Incidentalomas: initial management.

Incidentalomas are increasingly common findings on radiologic studies, causing worry for physicians and patients. Physicians should consider the risk of discovering incidentalomas when contemplating imaging. Patients may assume that incidentalomas are cancer, and may not be aware of the radiation risks associated with repeat imaging.

A comparison of the characteristics of profiles produced with the AMPFlSTR SGM Plus multiplex system for both standard and low copy number (LCN) STR DNA analysis.

DNA STR profiles have been generated from 1 ng and low copy number (LCN) templates using 28 and 34 cycles of amplification, respectively. Characteristics which facilitate the interpretation of profiles, such as heterozygous balance, allelic dropout and stutter proportions have been quantified. We demonstrate that a reduction in DNA template coupled with an increase in amplification cycle number produces an increased rate of allelic dropout out which can be correlated to the peak areas of those alleles observed.

The validation of a nursing nutritional assessment tool for use on acute elderly wards.

Background: Elderly people are at great risk of poor nutritional status. Identifying those at nutritional risk is complex owing to its multifactorial nature and highlights the need for an easily administered nutritional screening tool.

Aim: To test the robustness of a tool used to identify those patients who require further dietetic assessment.

Validation of the AMPFlSTR SGM plus system for use in forensic casework.

The AMPFlSTR((R)) SGM Plus system is a commercially available STR multiplex produced by Applied Biosystems, a division of Perkin Elmer, Foster City, California, USA that supersedes SGM. The multiplex contains the six SGM loci, amelogenin and four additional loci. These additional loci are D3S1358, D19S433, D16S539 and D2S1338.

A nutritional assessment tool for older patients.

Older people are at increased risk of poor nutritional status. Nutritional support can improve the outcome of medical and surgical treatments and reduce length of hospital stay. Assessment is complex owing to the multifactorial nature of nutritional risk.

Quantitation of insulin-like growth factor-I binding to highly purified human erythroid colony-forming units.

A method has been developed by which erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-E) may be obtained from human blood in sufficient number and purity for quantitative studies of growth factor binding. Studies in serum-free medium have shown that CFU-E require the addition of only two growth factors, erythropoietin (EP) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), for growth and differentiation. The IGF-I may be replaced by higher (100-fold) concentrations of insulin.

Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema after pericardial drainage for cardiac tamponade.

We report a patient who developed adult respiratory distress syndrome following relief of pericardial tamponade. Because of increasing recognition of pulmonary edema in this situation, we recommend gradual removal of pericardial fluid with hemodynamic monitoring to limit the massive fluid shifts which appear to herald this dire complication.

Effects of exercise at high altitudes on young adults.

Outward Bound programs are carried out throughout the world, and many of these courses occur at altitudes above 3000 m (10,000 ft). As more knowledge is accumulated about health problems at high altitudes, exercise has been implicated as a factor contributing to acute mountain sickness in susceptible individuals. Thus, exercise conditioning programs occurring at high altitudes have come under scrutiny.

Legionella and mycoplasma pneumonia--a community hospital experience with atypical pneumonias.

The clinician should be alert to the possibility of Legionella pneumonia in the community hospital setting. Importantly, degree of suspicion, that is, familiarity with extrapulmonary clinical and laboratory features of the typical pneumonias, nearly always leads to a correct presumptive diagnosis that may later be confirmed by serologic testing. Serologic testing has confirmed only a minority of cases.