Evaluation of developmental toxicity of chlorpyrifos through new approach methodologies: a systematic review.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus pesticide of concern because many in vivo animal studies have demonstrated developmental toxicity exerted by this substance; however, despite its widespread use, evidence from epidemiological studies is still limited. In this study, we have collected all the information generated in the twenty-first century on the developmental toxicity of CPF using new approach methodologies. We have critically evaluated and integrated information coming from 70 papers considering human, rodent, avian and fish models.

Premature thelarche and pesticide exposure: A case-control study in an intensive agricultural area.

The extensive use of pesticides in agriculture significantly enhances crop yields and pest control. However, it also raises concerns regarding environmental and human health impacts. Children are particularly vulnerable to health effects of pesticide exposure, especially for neurological development and reproductive health.

Identification of an immunological signature of long COVID syndrome.

Introduction: Acute COVID-19 infection causes significant alterations in the innate and adaptive immune systems. While most individuals recover naturally, some develop long COVID (LC) syndrome, marked by persistent or new symptoms weeks to months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite its prevalence, there are no clinical tests to distinguish LC patients from those fully recovered.

Genomics-based timely detection of dengue virus type I genotypes I and V in Uruguay.

This study details a genomics-based approach for the early detection of mosquito-borne pathogens, marked by Uruguay's first ever complete genomic sequencing of Dengue Virus type I genotypes I and V. This pioneering effort has facilitated the prompt identification of these genotypes within the country, enabling Uruguayan public health authorities to develop timely and effective response strategies. Further integrated into this approach is a climate-driven suitability measure, closely associated with Dengue case reports and indicative of the local climate's role in the virus's transmission in the country within the changing climate context.

Role of immune-checkpoint LAG3 as a biomarker finding tool in patient-derived organoid cultures of breast cancer.

LAG3 plays a regulatory role in immunity and emerged as an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule comparable to PD-L1 and CTLA-4 and a potential target for enhancing anti-cancer immune responses. We generated 3D cancer cultures as a model to identify novel molecular biomarkers for the selection of patients suitable for α-LAG3 treatment and simultaneously the possibility to perform an early diagnosis due to its higher presence in breast cancer, also to achieve a theragnostic approach. Our data confirm the extreme dysregulation of LAG3 in breast cancer with significantly higher expression in tumor tissue specimens, compared to non-cancerous tissue controls.

Role of Blood P-Tau Isoforms (181, 217, 231) in Predicting Conversion from MCI to Dementia Due to Alzheimer's Disease: A Review and Meta-Analysis.

Blood-based biomarkers are minimally invasive tools to detect the pathological changes of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This meta-analysis aims to investigate the use of blood-derived p-tau isoforms (181, 217, 231) to predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD dementia (ADD). Studies involving MCI patients with data on blood p-tau isoforms at baseline and clinical diagnosis at follow-up (≥1 year) were included.

Impact of PRECEDE-PROCEED Model Audits in Cancer Screening Programs in Lombardy Region: Supporting Equity and Quality Improvement.

Background: Health disparities related to socio-economic factors impact access to preventive health interventions. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model, a multidimensional approach to health promotion, has been adapted to optimise cancer screening programs in Lombardy, Italy, addressing these disparities.

Methods: This study evaluated the application of systemic audits based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model across Lombardy cancer screening programs.

Alkali-Activated Slag as Sustainable Binder for Pervious Concrete and Structural Plaster: A Feasibility Study.

In the realm of sustainable construction materials, the quest for low-environmental-impact binders has gained momentum. Addressing the global demand for concrete, several alternatives have been proposed to mitigate the carbon footprint associated with traditional Portland cement production. Despite technological advancements, property inconsistencies and cost considerations, the wholesale replacement of Portland cement remains a challenge.

An overview of Synlab SDN Biobank's quality control system.

Biobanks are valuable service units that ensure the usage of high-quality biological samples. They contribute to translational research, and their support may improve future therapeutic approaches. They store biological samples that can be used to examine circulation biomarkers, immune cells, and immunohistochemistry aspects of illnesses and further in-depth examinations using NGS techniques.

Structural studies of KCTD1 and its disease-causing mutant P20S provide insights into the protein function and misfunction.

Members of the KCTD protein family play key roles in fundamental physio-pathological processes including cancer, neurodevelopmental/neuropsychiatric, and genetic diseases. Here, we report the crystal structure of the KCTD1 P20S mutant, which causes the scalp-ear-nipple syndrome, and molecular dynamics (MD) data on the wild-type protein. Surprisingly, the structure unravels that the N-terminal region, which precedes the BTB domain (preBTB) and bears the disease-associated mutation, adopts a folded polyproline II (PPII) state.

Chlorpyrifos induces autophagy by suppressing the mTOR pathway in immortalized GnRH neurons.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used pesticide inducing adverse neurodevelopmental and reproductive effects. However, knowledge of the underlying mechanisms is limited, particularly in the hypothalamus. We investigated the mode of action of CPF at human relevant concentrations (1 nM-100 nM) in immortalized mouse hypothalamic GnRH neurons (GT1-7), an elective model for studying disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads (HPG) axis.

Altered centriolar cohesion by CEP250 and appendages impact outcome of patients with pancreatic cancer.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. PDACs are characterized by centrosome aberrations, but whether centrosome-related genes influence patient outcomes has not been tested.

Methods: Publicly available RNA-sequencing data of patients diagnosed with PDAC were interrogated with unsupervised approaches to identify centrosome protein-encoding genes with prognostic relevance.

Antitumoral Activity of the Universal Methyl Donor -Adenosylmethionine in Glioblastoma Cells.

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and lethal brain cancer in adults, is characterized by short survival times and high mortality rates. Due to the resistance of GBM cells to conventional therapeutic treatments, scientific interest is focusing on the search for alternative and efficient adjuvant treatments. -Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), the well-studied physiological methyl donor, has emerged as a promising anticancer compound and a modulator of multiple cancer-related signaling pathways.

Cannabidiol exerts multitarget immunomodulatory effects on PBMCs from individuals with psoriasis vulgaris.

Introduction: The involvement of endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the inflammatory cascade, and the ability of phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids and their synthetic analogues to modulate it has become an interesting research area for new therapeutic approaches in inflammatory skin diseases. Cannabidiol (CBD) appears to be the most promising among phytocannabinoids, due to the lack of psychotropic effects and low toxicity profile. Its anti-inflammatory action has been highlighted in different preclinical models, ranging from experimental colitis to arthritis and neuroinflammation.

Classifying breast cancer and fibroadenoma tissue biopsies from paraffined stain-free slides by fractal biomarkers in Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy.

Breast cancer is one of the most spread and monitored pathologies in high-income countries. After breast biopsy, histological tissue is stored in paraffin, sectioned and mounted. Conventional inspection of tissue slides under benchtop light microscopes involves paraffin removal and staining, typically with H&E.

N6-isopentenyladenosine inhibits aerobic glycolysis in glioblastoma cells by targeting PKM2 expression and activity.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary tumor in the central nervous system with poor prognosis. It exhibits elevated glucose uptake and lactate production. This metabolic state of aerobic glycolysis is known as the Warburg effect.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma: ≤ 10 mm does not always mean pN0. A multicentric real-world study.

The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is increasing and PTC ≤ 10 mm (PTMC) accounts for most new diagnoses. PTMCs are not always low risk, as detection of lymph nodes metastasis (LNM) may occur. The purpose of the study was to analyze the clinical pattern, frequency, and independent risk factors of patients with PTMC and LNM.