[Material and technical stipulations for synthetic augmentation materials].

Generally used notion of "augmentation" does not present the protective effect of the ligament which has been sutured or reconstructed by the autogenic implant. "Protection" seems to be more proper notion presenting better the fulfilled function. Cruciate ligament, sutured or reconstructed by the autogenic implant from the 1/3 of the patellar ligament, is submitted to time specified healing and rebuilding processes, lasting over 1 year.

[Bone transplantation--indications and technic].

Autogenous spongiosa or, in osteoplastic surgery, autogenous corticospongious bones are considered as substance of choice for the surgical transposition of missing bones, to strengthen bones with insufficient loading capacity, and for a biological activation of atrophic bones. Even deep-freeze allogenous spongiosa can be inserted into a sterile, stable implantation site able to absorb the spongiosa to a large extent. The success will be delayed, but in the end a good functional result will be achieved with this method.

[The aged human as an accident patient].

An older person has very limited resources at his disposal for physical and psychological compensation and he is thus particularly affected in the case of accident. Therapy must therefore be aimed at retaining or reestablishing the general mobility of the patient, above all his physical re-mobilization, within the shortest possible space of time. Practical consequences are discussed here.

[Conservative treatment of fractures of the scaphoid bone--indications].

Healing-up of the bone is achieved by immobilization in 96 to 98% of all recent scaphoid fractures. The average immobilization period is eleven weeks. Different methods of immobilization are used.

[Development of intramedullary nailing and the interlocking nail].

Development of practically feasible methods for intramedullary stabilisation of fragments is inseparably linked to the name of Gerhard Küntscher. The principle of elastic transverse fixation of the nail in the medullary cavity permits its use only in fractures in the median diaphyseal range of tubular bones. For multiple and comminuted fractures Küntscher recommended a so-called "detention" or "locking" nail.

[Material technical prerequisites and biological principles for alloplastic replacement of the cruciate ligament].

The biomechanical system "knee joint" which is disturbed in chronic knee ligament instabilities can be repaired by means of synthetic ligaments; however, the correspondent materials have to meet some technical requirements which are described in the present work. The introduction of foreign bodies into tissue incite some defined reactions which may increase or decrease the functional value of the alloplastic ligament prosthesis; the correlations and dependencies are presented. An appropriate alloplastic knee ligament prosthesis is offered taking into account the requirements for material and the biologic reactions described.

[Lighting requirements for operation rooms and their realization].

A number of criteria relating to operating conditions as well as to the working comfort of the operation team have to be considered with respect to the most favorable lighting system in the operating theatre, especially the operation field and its surroundings. These criteria, some of which are standardized, are indicated. Their realization is demonstrated by giving practical examples.

Alloplastic correction of chronic knee ligament instability with polyaethyleneterephthalate.

The results of treatment by alloplastic ligament replacement are generally comparable to those achieved with autologous pedunculated or free tissue transplants with regard to band stability as well as total function. We consider the indication for this not yet universally recognised surgical technique with alloplastic material to lie exclusively in patients with multiple previous knee operations and for whom autologous tissue was not present in adequate quality intraoperatively. Here the usage of the polyester band was a last resort.

[Treatment of inveterate knee ligament lesions with alloplastic material (author's transl)].

Early surgical treatment of a complex instability of the knee joint is not always possible. Even the autologous ligament graft indicated in such a case is not always successful. Furthermore, there is often a lack of autologous material due to previous operations.

[Technic and diagnostic value of so-called stress x-rays in injuries of the fibular ligaments (author's transl)].

To allow a definite diagnosis in cases of rupture of the fibular ligaments of the ankle-joint, stress-x-rays of the upper ankle joint were taken in ap. and lateral view. The intraoperative findings in 150 patients with rupture of the fibular capsule/ligament were compared with the preoperative x-rays.

[Initial experience in accident surgery performed in an operation theater equipped with ASID sterile filter partition screen (author's transl)].

The article reports on initial experience in accident surgery performed in an operation theater equipped with an ASID sterile filter partition screen. This filter screen is representative of, and corresponds to, the room-within-room solution with laminar airflow in horizontal direction. The advantages of this sterile filter partition in the performance of the broad spectrum of accident surgery operations are explained.

[Extended diagnosis for lesions of the capsule and the ligament of the knee joint (author's transl)].

X-rays taken under mechanical positioning of the joint with standardized conditions are helpful aids in the diagnosis of injuries of the knee capsule and ligaments. In comparison to the non-affected knee the extent of instability of the joint can be exactly demonstrated. Arthrography is of little help in fresh injuries to the knee capsule and ligaments, but can be useful to assess the residuals of old damage to the joint.

[Results after surgical treatment of injuries to the capsule and ligaments of the knee joint (author's transl)].

Between 1974 and 1978 at the "Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik" Frankfurt/Main 124 patients with lesions to the knee ligaments were treated; 117 patients could be followed up. All cases were classified according to the accident, the impact and the mechanism of the injury. The case-reports were supplemented by a graduation of the rotation stability and a general description of the own surgical technic and the postoperative care.