[The control of arterial hypertension in primary care: the evaluation of a program of self-care].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a self-care hypertension programme within primary care.

Design: Two models of intervention by means of self-care were compared, both using individual education and family support, with one of them using group education.

Setting And Patients: All those attending 10 health centres in Andalucía and who had a recent diagnosis of light or moderate Hypertension or with their hypertension not monitored over the preceding 6 months, were included.

Characterization of the cit-1 gene from Neurospora crassa encoding the mitochondrial form of citrate synthase.

We have isolated the cDNA and corresponding genomic DNA encoding citrate synthase in Neurospora crassa. Analysis of the protein coding region of this gene, named cit-1, indicates that it specifies the mitochondrial form of citrate synthase. The predicted protein has 469 amino acids and a molecular mass of 52,002 Da.

Purinergic drugs and calcium channel antagonists attenuate the withdrawal syndrome from barbital.

The effects of some adenosine agonists and calcium channel antagonists on the induction of tolerance to and dependence on barbital in mice have been studied. The concurrent administration of barbital and one of the following adenosine agonists, D- or L-phenylisopropyl adenosine, cyclopentyl adenosine and chloroadenosine, or the adenosine antagonists theophylline or 8-phenyltheophylline did not change the intensities of tolerance to and dependence on the barbiturate. N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine administered during the period of chronic administration of barbital significantly reduced the withdrawal syndrome.

Calcium channel modulators modify K opioid-induced inhibition of C-fiber-evoked spinal reflexes in rat.

The role of L-type Ca2+ channels on the kappa opioid-induced depression of spinal afferent transmission was assessed in spinalized rats, through recording of the C-fiber-evoked spinal flexor reflex. Six successive i.t.

Calcium channel antagonists and adenosine analogues decrease tolerance to opiate pentazocine and U 50488H.

1. A single dose of pentazocine induces cross-tolerance the analgesic effects of the kappa agonist U 50488H. Tolerance is observed by means of the hot plate test or by the i.

Calcium channel blockers apparently decrease noradrenaline release from nerve-skin terminals in Caudiverbera caudiverbera.

1. The effects of three calcium channel blockers, verapamil, diltiazem and nifedipine were examined on the response of the skin neuroepithelial synapse of the toad Caudiverbera caudiverbera to electrical stimulation. 2.

Effects of calcium channel antagonists and Bay K 8644 on the analgesic response to pentazocine and U 50488H.

1. The effects of diltiazem, nifedipine and verapamil and the calcium channel agonist Bay K 8644 on the analgesic responses to the subcutaneous (s.c.

Pharmacological characterization of adenosine A1 and A2 receptors in the bladder: evidence for a modulatory adenosine tone regulating non-adrenergic non-cholinergic neurotransmission.

1. The nerve-evoked contractions elicited by transmural electrical stimulation of mouse urinary bladders superfused in modified Krebs Ringer buffer containing 1 microM atropine plus 3.4 microM guanethidine were inhibited by adenosine (ADO) and related nucleoside analogues with the following rank order of potency: R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) greater than cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) greater than 5'N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine (NECA) greater than ADO greater than S-phenylisopropyladenosine (S-PIA).

Demonstration of the need for end point validation of putative biomarkers: failure of aberrant crypt foci to predict colon cancer incidence.

Seven-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a semipurified AIN76 diet and were given a weekly injection of the colon carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine for 8 weeks (initiation stage of carcinogenesis). The rats were divided into seven groups and each group of rats was placed on one of seven different modifications of the AIN76 diet for the next 24 weeks (promotional stage of carcinogenesis). The mean numbers of aberrant crypt foci/rat and the incidence of adenocarcinomas from some of the seven dietary groups were found to be significantly different.

Systemic atropine administration during cardiac arrest does not cause fixed and dilated pupils.

Objectives: Systemic administration of atropine during CPR may postpone brain death determination because of its reputed ability to produce fixed and dilated pupils. We studied the effect of atropine administered in the usual doses as an adjunct to endotracheal intubation and for cardiac arrest to determine if it would interfere with neurological assessment.

Design: Two groups of children were studied.

Adenosine analogs attenuate tolerance-dependence on alprazolam.

1. Tolerance to and physical dependence on alprazolam were induced in mice by administering two doses of a slow release preparation. 2.

Bradykinin facilitates the purinergic motor component of the rat bladder neurotransmission.

The motor activity of the rat bladder elicited by transmural electrical stimulation was abolished in the presence of 200 nM tetrodotoxin but not of 1 microM atropine plus 3.4 microM guanethidine. Tissue preincubation with 20 microM, alpha, beta-methylene ATP reduced but did not obliterate the electrically-induced motor effect.

[Adenosine: physiological and pharmacological actions].

Adenosine exerts numerous effects in the central and autonomic nervous systems, most of which seem to be receptor mediated. Several studies have revealed two distinct receptors, based upon effects of adenosine on adenylate cyclase activity, designed A1 or A2 according to whether the cyclase is inhibited or activated. However, since not all adenosine receptors are linked to adenylate cyclase some authors base their classification on the rank orders of potencies of adenosine analogues in eliciting responses.

Influence of adenosine analogs on morphine tolerance and dependence in mice.

A number of adenosine agonists were investigated for possible actions on tolerance to morphine withdrawal in mice. The induction of tolerance to a sustained release preparation of morphine was assessed by measuring the analgesic effect induced by a test dose of the drug. The concomitant treatment with L- and D-phenylisopropyl adenosine, (L- and D-PIA), cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) or chloroadenosine (CADO) during the period of morphine absorption did not alter the induction of the process.

Effects of some adenosine analogs on morphine-induced analgesia and tolerance.

1. The analogs of adenosine D- and L-phenylisopropyladenosine (D- and L-PIA) and chloroadenosine (CADO) induced analgesia in mice (hot-plate test). 2.

A comparison of GABAergic influences on the analgesic responses to morphine and pentazocine.

1. The interactions of three GABAergic compounds, gamma-acetylenic GABA, gamma-vinyl GABA and ethylenediamine with the analgesic effects of morphine and pentazocine were examined in mice using the hot plate and tail immersion tests. 2.

Effect of extracellular calcium and calcium channel antagonists on ATP and field stimulation induced contractions of the mouse urinary bladder.

1. The dependence on extracellular calcium of the response to the electrical stimulation, ATP and high K induced contractions has been studied in the mouse urinary bladder. 2.

Extent and properties of nonbulk "bound" water in crystalline lens cells.

Crystalline lenses provided good material to study and measure the properties of cellular water. Different methods were used to establish the extent and properties of nonbulk water in mammalian lenses. These methods include: NMR titration analysis, a test of the osmotic properties, a test of dye exclusion In lenses with intact cell membranes and in lenses with disrupted cell membranes, and the water-holding capacity of lenses subjected to 40,000 x g for 1 hour with intact cell membranes and in lenses with disrupted cell membranes.

Calcium channel antagonists increase morphine-induced analgesia and antagonize morphine tolerance.

The influence of calcium channel blockers on morphine-induced analgesia and on tolerance to the chronic administration of the opiate was investigated in mice. The effects of a test dose of morphine were significantly increased by the administration of diltiazem, flunarizine, nicardipine and verapamil. In contrast, nifedipine induced an antagonistic effect.

Influence of adrenergic and cholinergic mechanisms in baclofen induced analgesia.

1. Baclofen induced analgesia was confirmed by means of the mouse hot plate test. 2.

Mechanisms of the contractile responses to morphine of the mouse colon in vitro.

1. Morphine induced a contractile response in the mouse colon which consisted of two phases or components. 2.