The mass uptake of cholesterol ester from low density lipoproteins by cultured smooth muscle and adventitial cells of human aortas.

Cultured human smooth muscle and adventitial cells were incubated with human serum and low density lipoprotein (LDL) to study the uptake and accumulation of cholesterol ester from exogenous LDL. The cellular total cholesterol varied with the amount of LDL cholesterol in the medium. The cholesterol ester content increased 4-fold after 2 hours of incubation.

The dietary prevention of coronary heart disease: dietary cholesterol and fat.

Epidemiological, laboratory and experimental studies make it clear that dietary cholesterol (DC) and saturated fat, independently and together, are hypercholesterolaemic and atherogenic. Some work suggests that DC, usually given as egg yolk, is the more important, but often they are consumed together. There is a threshold, usually between 100 and 200 mg/day, below which small increments do not affect plasma cholesterol (PC) and another, usually between 500 and 600 mg/day, above which there is little additional change.

Impaired cortisol secretion in abetalipoproteinemia.

In the adrenal gland cholesterol for steroid biosynthesis is derived from both de novo biosynthesis and receptor mediated uptake of plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL). In the present study we have compared ACTH stimulated adrenal production of cortisol in four control subjects and one adult male patient with abetalipoproteinemia, a disorder in which LDL is absent. Basal morning cortisol levels in the plasma in the control subjects (13.

A comparison of the turnover and metabolism cholesterol in normal and atherosclerotic monkey aortas.

Rhesus monkeys were fed high cholesterol and cholesterol-free diets for 21-24 months. The animals were then given isotopic cholesterol intravenously and autopsied from 1 to 51 weeks later. The plasma and aortic cholesterol contents were 633 +/- 130 mg/dl and 35.

Localized current field heating as an adjunct to radiation therapy.

The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a pilot study using hyperthermia as an adjunct to radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant disease, spontaneously occurring in domestic animals. Localized current fields (LCF) have been used to produce the hyperthermia. The aim of the pilot study was to establish a reasonable dose regime for testing in a randomized trial.

Lipid metabolism in abetalipoproteinemia: a study of cholesterol absorption and sterol balance in two patients.

The concept that an absence of apoprotein B in plasma may result in increased cholesterol biosynthesis was investigated by sterol balance techniques in 2 male patients with abetalipoproteinemia, one an adult, the other a child. Total body synthesis of cholesterol in both the adult patient (19.3 +/- 3.

Sterol balance in abetalipoproteinemia: studies in a patient with homozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinemia.

A new case of homozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinemia is reported in a 16-yr-old girl. Apoprotein B was absent from plasma and the patient had acanthocytes and steatorrhea, but minimal neurologic dysfunction. Total body cholesterol synthesis was assessed intermittently over a 30-mo period by sterol balance techniques.

Elevated cholesterol and bile acid synthesis in a young patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

Cholesterol balance studies were carried out twice in a young male patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. At 13 mo, cholesterol balance in this patient averaged 31.3 mg/kg per d, and bile acid excretion was 12.

The food and nutrient intakes of the Tarahumara Indians of Mexico.

A nutritional survey of 372 semiacculturated Tarahumara Indians in the Sierra Madre Occidental Mountains of Mexico was carried out to determine the composition of their diet and its nutritional adequacy. Dietary histories from 174 adults and 198 children were obtained by interviews and field observations during 1973 and 1974. The histories for the children were calculated in part from the menus of six boarding church schools.

A subset of trout testis nucleosomes enriched in transcribed DNA sequences contains high mobility group proteins as major structural components.

Mononucleosomes greatly enriched in non-histone proteins were prepared by limited digestion of testis nuclei with micrococcal nuclease. Five to fifteen per cent of the chromatin was solubilized and could be separated by adjustment to 0.1 M NaCl, into a soluble fraction MN1, consisting of mononucleosomes containing the four inner histones and the small basic non-histone, H6, associated with a 140-base-pair DNA fragment.

Increased coronary mortality in relatives of hypercholesterolemic school children: the Muscatine study.

From 2,874 school children participating in the 1971 and 1973 Muscatine Coronary Risk Factor Survey, we selected three groups of index cases for detailed family study: the HIGH group (n = 56), with cholesterol levels greater than the 95th percentile twice; the MIDDLE group (n = 46), cholesterol levels between the 5th and 95th percentile; and the LOW group (n = 46), cholesterol levels less than the 5th percentile twice. Coronary mortality determined from death certificates was increased in the young relatives (ages 30-59) of the HIGH group index cases, as follows: twofold excess in HIGH male relatives compared with the MIDDLE or LOW group (p less than 0.05); tenfold excess in the HIGH female relatives compared with the MIDDLE and LOW group combined (p less than 0.

Effect of different dietary fats on daily loss of sterols from the skin of man.

We studied the effect of polyunsaturated dietary fat upon the 24-hour loss of cholesterol and other sterols from the skin surface of 4 human subjects. They were fed cholesterol-free diets which provided 40% of the total caloric intake from saturated fat (cocoa butter) and then a highly polyunsaturated fat (corn oil). In both dietary fat periods, the daily loss of cholesterol through the skin was similar, 91 and 87 mg in the saturated and polyunsaturated fat periods, respectively.

Guinea pig cytomegalovirus: transplacental transmission. Brief report.

A well characterized strain of guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) was used to infect pregnant guinea pigs during various periods of pregnancy. Transplacental transmission of virus with invasion of the fetus was observed, even in some mothers with preinoculation evidence of GPCMV antibody. Fetal infection occurred during the middle third of pregnancy and GPCMV was isolated from many fetal tissues although histologic evidence of infection was not noted.

The cholesterol turnover, synthesis, and absorption in two sisters with familial hypercholesterolemia (type IIa).

To explore the mechanisms of the profound plasma cholesterol elevations in familial homozygous hypercholesterolemia (type IIa), cholesterol turnover, sterol balance, cholesterol absorption, and low density lipoprotein studies were carried out under controlled dietary conditions in two sisters (aged 13 and 16). Cholesterol turnover was prolonged. The half-life of the first exponential of the plasma cholesterol specific activity decay curve was double that of normal adults.

Tracking of blood lipids and blood pressures in school age children: the Muscatine study.

In four cross sectional school screens, the Muscatine Study has sampled 8,909 school children; 820 have been studied repeatedly over a six-year period. Tracking of measurements described by the relationship between repeated observations and the relationship between peer rank orderings over the six-year period has been studied. For height and weight, correlations between observations six years apart were approximately 0.

Thermometry considerations in localized hyperthermia.

The introduction of local hyperthermia as a method of cancer therapy implies the necessity of quantitative measurements of the thermal dose. Our intention is to describe the nature of the problem, both physically and physiologically, with illustrations drawn from thermographic measurements in phantoms and in animals. The characteristics of a thermometry calibration facility are described.

Normal blood pressure and the evaluation of sustained blood pressure elevation in childhood: the Muscatine study.

This study describes the seated blood pressure distributions of 6,622 predominantly white schoolchildren in Muscatine, Iowa. Subjects with seated pressures equal to or greater than the 95th percentile for age and sex or 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic were examined on repeated occasions. Approximately 13% of subjects were found to have blood pressures at these levels when first examined, but less than 1% were found to have persistent blood pressure elevations.