Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Respiratory Failure Due to COVID-19: A Multicenter Matched Cohort Study.

Mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure due to COVID-19 is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an attractive management option. This study sought to determine the effect of ECMO on hospital mortality and discharge condition in this population.

Quantum reality with negative-mass particles.

Physical interpretations of the time-symmetric formulation of quantum mechanics, due to Aharonov, Bergmann, and Lebowitz are discussed in terms of weak values. The most direct, yet somewhat naive, interpretation uses the time-symmetric formulation to assign eigenvalues to unmeasured observables of a system, which results in logical paradoxes, and no clear physical picture. A top-down ontological model is introduced that treats the weak values of observables as physically real during the time between pre- and post-selection (PPS), which avoids these paradoxes.

COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in Immigrant, Refugee, and Nonimmigrant Children and Adolescents in Ontario, Canada.

Importance: COVID-19 vaccinations are recommended for minors. Surveys indicate lower vaccine acceptance by some immigrant and refugee groups.

Objective: To identify characteristics in immigrant, refugee, and nonimmigrant minors associated with vaccination.

Perceptions of the Availability of Personal Protective Equipment and Its Association With Burnout Among US Healthcare Personnel During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic, 2020-2021.

Objective: The aim of the study is to explore associations among personal protective equipment (PPE) availability, workplace environment, and burnout among US healthcare personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The study used an online healthcare provider (HCP) survey (December 2020-February 2021) regarding PPE confidence, availability, burnout, and workplace environment.

Results: Lack of appropriate PPE was reported by 27% of 799 US HCP surveyed.

Association between physician characteristics and practice-level uptake of paediatric virtual mental healthcare: a population-based study.

Objective: To examine physician factors associated with practice-level uptake of virtual mental healthcare for children and adolescents.

Design, Setting And Participants: A population-based data linkage study of a cohort of all physicians (n=12 054) providing outpatient mental healthcare to children and adolescents (aged 3-17 years, n=303 185) in a single-payer provincial health system in Ontario, Canada from 1 July 2020 to 31 July 2021.

Exposures: Physician characteristics including gender, age, specialty, location of training, practice region, practice size and overall and mental health practice size.

Stepwise Implementation of 2D Synthesized Screening Mammography and Its Effect on Stereotactic Biopsy of Microcalcifications.

Rationale And Objectives: Information evaluating the efficacy of 2D synthesized mammography (2Ds) reconstructions in microcalcification detection is limited. This study used stereotactic biopsy data for microcalcifications to evaluate the stepwise implementation of 2Ds in screening mammography. The study aim was to identify whether 2Ds + digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is non-inferior to 2D digital mammography (2DM) + 2Ds + DBT, 2DM + DBT, and 2DM in identifying microcalcifications undergoing further diagnostic imaging and stereotactic biopsy.

Oxidised IL-33 drives COPD epithelial pathogenesis ST2-independent RAGE/EGFR signalling complex.

Background: Epithelial damage, repair and remodelling are critical features of chronic airway diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Interleukin (IL)-33 released from damaged airway epithelia causes inflammation its receptor, serum stimulation-2 (ST2). Oxidation of IL-33 to a non-ST2-binding form (IL-33) is thought to limit its activity.

Gaps in childhood immunizations and preventive care visits during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based cohort study of children in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada, 2016-2021.

Objective: We aimed to estimate the changes to the delivery of routine immunizations and well-child visits through the pandemic.

Methods: Using linked administrative health data in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada (1 September 2016 to 30 September 2021), infants <12 months old (N=291,917 Ontario, N=33,994 Manitoba) and children between 12 and 24 months old (N=293,523 Ontario, N=33,001 Manitoba) exposed and unexposed to the COVID-19 pandemic were compared on rates of receipt of recommended a) vaccinations and b) well-child visits after adjusting for sociodemographic measures. In Ontario, vaccinations were captured using physician billings database, and in Manitoba they were captured in a centralized vaccination registry.

Practical recommendations on treatment of multiple sclerosis with Cladribine: an Israeli Experts Group‏ Viewpoint.

Cladribine tablets (Mavenclad) were approved by the European Union in 2017 as high-efficacy therapy for highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. In Israel, Mavenclad was approved in 2018. Real-life experience has confirmed the efficacy of cladribine tablets over at least 4 years from the initial course.

Ultrafast Temporal SU(1,1) Interferometer.

Interferometers are highly sensitive to phase differences and are utilized in numerous schemes. Of special interest is the quantum SU(1,1) interferometer which is able to improve the sensitivity of classical interferometers. We theoretically develop and experimentally demonstrate a temporal SU(1,1) interferometer based on two time lenses in a 4f configuration.

Caregivers' Experiences With a Web- and Mobile-Based Platform for Children With Medical Complexity and the Role of a Live Platform Coach: Thematic Analysis.

Background: Children with medical complexity (CMC) are individuals with complex chronic conditions who have substantial health care needs, functional limitations, and significant use of health care. By nature of their health status, they have many care providers across multiple settings, making information sharing critical to their health and safety. Connecting2gether (C2), a web- and mobile-based patient-facing platform, was codeveloped with families to support and empower parental caregivers, improve information sharing, and facilitate care delivery.

Neoantigen-specific stem cell memory-like CD4 T cells mediate CD8 T cell-dependent immunotherapy of MHC class II-negative solid tumors.

CD4 T cells play key roles in a range of immune responses, either as direct effectors or through accessory cells, including CD8 T lymphocytes. In cancer, neoantigen (NeoAg)-specific CD8 T cells capable of direct tumor recognition have been extensively studied, whereas the role of NeoAg-specific CD4 T cells is less well understood. We have characterized the murine CD4 T cell response against a validated NeoAg (CLTC) expressed by the MHC-II-deficient squamous cell carcinoma tumor model (SCC VII) at the level of single T cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes and in the setting of adoptive immunotherapy.

Incidence of Diabetes in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: There are reports of increasing incidence of pediatric diabetes since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the limitations of individual studies that examine this association, it is important to synthesize estimates of changes in incidence rates.

Objective: To compare the incidence rates of pediatric diabetes during and before the COVID-19 pandemic.

Induction of Labor at Term for Severe Antenatal Lead Poisoning.

Introduction: Antenatal lead exposure is associated with multiple adverse maternal and fetal consequences. Maternal blood lead concentrations as low as 10 µg/dL have been associated with gestational hypertension, spontaneous abortion, growth retardation, and impaired neurobehavioral development. Current treatment recommendations for pregnant women with a blood lead level (BLL) ≥ 45 µg/dL include chelation.

Tobacco Free Nicotine Vaping Products: A Study of Health Halo Effects Among Middle School Youth.

Health halo effects are a form of biased processing, wherein a particular product claim bleeds over to other categories of analysis or to an overall healthier impression. This study tests whether the term tobacco-free nicotine triggers a health halo effect. Through an experiment with middle school youth ( = 599), we vary the flavor (tobacco vs.

Method for estimation of apoptotic cell fraction of cytotherapy using in vivo fluorine-19 magnetic resonance: pilot study in a patient with head and neck carcinoma receiving tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes labeled with perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion.

Background: Adoptive transfer of T cells is a burgeoning cancer therapeutic approach. However, the fate of the cells, once transferred, is most often unknown. We describe the first clinical experience with a non-invasive biomarker to assay the apoptotic cell fraction (ACF) after cell therapy infusion, tested in the setting of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Tozorakimab (MEDI3506): an anti-IL-33 antibody that inhibits IL-33 signalling via ST2 and RAGE/EGFR to reduce inflammation and epithelial dysfunction.

Interleukin (IL)-33 is a broad-acting alarmin cytokine that can drive inflammatory responses following tissue damage or infection and is a promising target for treatment of inflammatory disease. Here, we describe the identification of tozorakimab (MEDI3506), a potent, human anti-IL-33 monoclonal antibody, which can inhibit reduced IL-33 (IL-33) and oxidized IL-33 (IL-33) activities through distinct serum-stimulated 2 (ST2) and receptor for advanced glycation end products/epidermal growth factor receptor (RAGE/EGFR complex) signalling pathways. We hypothesized that a therapeutic antibody would require an affinity higher than that of ST2 for IL-33, with an association rate greater than 10 M s, to effectively neutralize IL-33 following rapid release from damaged tissue.

Germline immunomodulatory expression quantitative trait loci (ieQTLs) associated with immune-related toxicity from checkpoint inhibition.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has improved clinical outcomes for metastatic melanoma patients; however, 65-80% of patients treated with ICI experience immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Given the plausible link of irAEs with underlying host immunity, we explored whether germline genetic variants controlling the expression of 42 immunomodulatory genes were associated with the risk of irAEs in melanoma patients treated with the single-agent anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab (IPI).

Methods: We identified 42 immunomodulatory expression quantitative trait loci (ieQTLs) most significantly associated with the expression of 382 immune-related genes.

Experimentally probing anomalous time evolution of a single photon.

In quantum mechanics, a quantum system is irreversibly collapsed by a projective measurement. Hence, delicately probing the time evolution of a quantum system holds the key to understanding curious phenomena. Here, we experimentally explore an anomalous time evolution, where, illustratively, a particle disappears from a box and emerges in a different box, with a certain moment in which it can be found in neither of them.

Is Demodex Blepharitis Connected With Cataract Surgery?

Purpose: To determine whether there is an increased incidence of Demodex of the eyelashes among patients after cataract extraction surgery.

Design: Prospective, noncomparative clinical study.

Methods: A cohort of patients who underwent cataract extraction surgery had several eyelashes removed preoperatively that were examined independently by the hospital laboratory for the presence of the Demodex mite.