Effortful Control, Parent-Child Relationships, and Behavior Problems among Preschool-Aged Children Experiencing Adversity.

Young children who experience adversity are at increased risk for developing psychological difficulties across the lifespan. Among community samples, parent-child relationship dynamics interact with child effortful control to predict child behavior problems. The nature of these associations has not been examined among children who have experienced early childhood adversity and who may be particularly sensitive to familial effects on child development.

Mothers' recollections of parenting by their own mothers and fathers and maternal and infant outcomes.

Objective: Using a family network approach, we examined patterns of remembered parental rearing by both parents and associations with maternal and infant outcomes.

Background: Women's memories of how they were cared for by their own mothers in childhood are associated with important outcomes in the perinatal period. However, few studies assess women's recollections of caregiving by their fathers, despite fathers' influence on the larger family context and child adjustment.

A Need for Targeted Teaching of Shared Decision-Making as Identified from an Assessment of Client-Centered Communication Skills Training with Companion Animal Veterinarians.

Shared decision-making has been increasingly discussed as a communication practice within veterinary medicine, and it is gaining more traction for diagnostic and treatment planning conversations and specifically offering a spectrum of care. This teaching tip describes the data from an investigation of veterinarians' shared decision-making in a pre-test/post-test communication skills training intervention that used a client-centered, skills-based communication approach. Practice teams from a purposive sample of four companion animal veterinary clinics in Texas participated in a 15-month communication skills intervention, including interactive group workshops and one-on-one communication coaching.

A Benchmark Survey of the Delivery of Clinical Education in Small Animal Primary-Care Clinical Programs Among Member Institutions of the American Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges.

While primary-care clinical rotations are well established and have been incorporated into veterinary colleges over the past 50 years, standardization of teaching small animal primary care across veterinary colleges is unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore and document variations and similarities in the delivery of small animal primary-care clinical education curricula among member programs of the American Association of Veterinary Medicine Colleges (AAVMC). A comprehensive, 114-question online survey was conducted, comprising seven sections, including Rotation Logistics; House Officers; Procedures Performed; Rounds; Spectrum of Care; Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion; Assessment; Leadership Roles; and Research.

Veterinary clients prefer benefit-focused online communication while clinic websites uncommonly communicate benefits of preventive care services.

Objective: To explore client preferences for how value is communicated via written means and to assess the consistency of this preference with how veterinary clinic websites present this information for preventive care services.

Methods: First, a questionnaire was developed to assess clients' preference between 2 researcher-developed paragraphs recommending senior pet screening (one focused on the function of screening, the other on pet benefits of screening) and distributed from August 17 to November 2, 2023. Second, veterinary clinic websites were retrieved with a search engine using predefined search phrases related to 4 preventive care topics (flea and tick prevention, heartworm prevention, dental cleaning, and senior bloodwork).

Out of sight, into mind: a socioecological model-informed qualitative study on barriers and facilitators to hepatitis B care among West African immigrants in the Bronx, New York.

Background: There is a high burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in West Africa. Over the past 20 years, West African immigration to the United States (U.S.

The Value Matrix: a communication tool to support shared decision-making and the practice of Spectrum of Care.

Objective: To provide a video tutorial on use of the Value Matrix in clinical practice.

Animals: Any animal for which a preference-sensitive decision can be made regarding their care.

Methods: The veterinary professional gathers a comprehensive history from the veterinary client and uses this information, in further discussion with the client, to develop 2 or more evidence-informed options for the veterinary patient's care.

Twenty Years of Legal Marriage for Same-Sex Couples in the United States: Evidence Review and New Analyse.

Twenty years ago, the United States was divided by heated debates over legalizing marriage for same-sex couples. Those in favor argued that granting same-sex couples access to marriage would strengthen commitment for same-sex couples, extend the financial benefits of marriage to same-sex households, and improve outcomes for children raised by same-sex parents. Those who were opposed argued that granting legal status to marriages between same-sex partners would alter the foundation of marriage and diminish its value for different-sex couples, ultimately harming children by making them less likely to be raised in stable, two-parent families.

Clients prefer collaborative decision-making with veterinarians regardless of appointment type.

Objective: To determine clients' preferences for veterinarians' communication during decision-making in relation to 3 clinical contexts: preventive care, general problem (eg, illness or injury), and urgent appointments.

Methods: A cross-sectional online questionnaire was distributed by use of snowball sampling to veterinary clients owning a pet. Demographic information was collected, and participants were then randomly assigned to a scenario reflecting one of the following clinical contexts (appointment types): preventive, general problem, or urgent.

Implementation of family centered substance use treatment for pregnant and postpartum people to prevent the intergenerational transmission of adverse childhood experiences.

Background: Family-centered substance use treatment (FCSUT) may have benefits for parents, children, and their families, and have the potential to decrease adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Few treatment programs use FCSUT, even those that aim to serve pregnant and postpartum people.

Objectives: To understand how families are integrated into FCSUT services for pregnant and postpartum people, explore the perceived benefits of FCSUT for families and parents, and identify challenges to implementing FCSUT.

Welfare and Enrichment of Managed Nocturnal Species, Supported by Technology.

This paper addresses the potential for technology to support husbandry and enrichment opportunities that enhance the welfare of zoo and sanctuary-housed nocturnal and crepuscular species. This topic was investigated through the medium of a multidisciplinary workshop (Moon Jam) that brought together species experts, zoo designers, Animal-Computer Interaction researchers and post-graduate students in collaborative discussions and design sessions. We explain the context through an examination of existing research and current practices, and report on specific challenges raised and addressed during the Moon Jam, highlighting and discussing key themes that emerged.

Evaluating the implementation of family-centered substance use treatment for pregnant and postpartum people: A mixed-methods study.

Introduction: Family-centered substance use treatment (FCSUT) approaches for pregnant and postpartum people have the potential to prevent intergenerational transmission of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Guided by two theoretical frameworks drawn from implementation science (the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research [CFIR] and the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance [RE-AIM] framework), this study used a mixed methods approach to answer: (1) What is the extent to which FCSUT approaches are offered for pregnant and postpartum people seeking substance use disorder (SUD) treatment? and (2) How are FCSUT approaches for pregnant and postpartum people implemented?

Methods: This study utilized a sequential mixed methods design that began with quantitative data collection followed by qualitative data collection. The quantitative component consisted of service provision surveys of facilities that provided FCSUT to pregnant and postpartum people (n = 118).

Examining the Biological Impacts of Parent-Child Relationship Dynamics on Preschool-Aged Children who have Experienced Adversity.

Parent-child relationship dynamics have been shown to predict socioemotional and behavioral outcomes for children, but little is known about how they may affect biological development. The aim of this study was to test if observational assessments of parent-child relationship dynamics (cohesion, enmeshment, and disengagement) were associated with three biological indices of early life adversity and downstream health risk: (1) methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (), (2) telomere attrition, and (3) mitochondrial biogenesis, indexed by mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), all of which were measured in children's saliva. We tested hypotheses using a sample of 254 preschool-aged children ( age = 51.

Impact on life expectancy was the most important information to clients when considering whether to take action for an overweight or obese dog.

Objective: To determine dog owner preferences for information communicated during veterinarian-client obesity-related conversations within companion animal practice.

Sample: Dog owners recruited using snowball sampling.

Methods: A cross-sectional online questionnaire was distributed to dog owners.

Information about life expectancy related to obesity is most important to cat owners when deciding whether to act on a veterinarian's weight loss recommendation.

Objective: To determine the relative importance of information communicated to cat owners during veterinarian-client obesity-related conversations.

Sample: Cat owner participants recruited via snowball sampling.

Methods: A cross-sectional online questionnaire was distributed to cat owners who owned cats of any weight status.

Cervical lymphadenitis from Mycobacterium avium complex.

We present an instructive case of cervical lymphadenitis in a young man without a history of HIV infection. The patient developed spontaneous left-sided neck swelling that progressed over 4 months. CT imaging demonstrated a necrotic left-sided neck mass within the cervical lymph node chain.

Predicting soldier retention from army spouse characteristics and attitudes: Soldiering on with spouse support.

The U.S. Army has a vested interest in retaining the skilled personnel necessary to achieve its mission and strategic goals.

What do veterinary professionals and clients want? Using discrete choice methods in veterinary research to determine preferences.

Discrete choice methods (DCMs) are a suite of research techniques for identifying individual preferences using choice information. Widely utilized by other fields yet rarely employed in veterinary research, DCMs have tremendous potential to improve veterinary healthcare by understanding and incorporating owner and veterinary professionals' (encompassing veterinarians, veterinary clinicians, technicians, receptionists, attendants, etc) preferences to optimize the care continuum. DCMs have several advantages over other stated preference methods, such as ranking and ratings, including improved data quality and actionability.

Workplace psychosocial factors are associated with veterinary employees' organizational commitment to their current veterinary hospital.

Objective: To classify a sample of veterinary professionals into distinct organizational-commitment profiles and to identify associations between psychosocial aspects of the workplace and organizational-commitment profile membership.

Sample: 487 veterinary employees who worked for a corporate veterinary organization in Canada.

Methods: Survey components measured for this study included the Three-Component Model (TCM) Employee Commitment Survey-Revised, the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, and participant demographics.

Qualitative analysis of small animal veterinarian-perceived barriers to nutrition communication.

Objective: Nutrition is important in preventing and managing disease. Veterinarians are an important source of nutrition information; however, nutrition communication between veterinarians and pet owners is relatively infrequent. The purpose of this study was to conduct a qualitative review of barriers to nutrition communication and possible solutions, reported by small animal veterinarians.

Veterinary team members experiencing high levels of burden transfer are more likely to report burnout and a less optimal psychosocial work environment.

Objective: To describe burden transfer in a sample of veterinary workers employed by a Canadian veterinary corporation and to examine the association between different levels of burden transfer and employee burnout and perceived psychosocial work environment.

Sample: 475 employees of small-animal veterinary hospitals owned by a corporate practice group.

Methods: Veterinary team members among 14 working groups responded to an online survey that included assessments of burden transfer, psychosocial environment, and burnout within the workplace.