The NCI Imaging Data Commons as a platform for reproducible research in computational pathology.

Background And Objectives: Reproducibility is a major challenge in developing machine learning (ML)-based solutions in computational pathology (CompPath). The NCI Imaging Data Commons (IDC) provides >120 cancer image collections according to the FAIR principles and is designed to be used with cloud ML services. Here, we explore its potential to facilitate reproducibility in CompPath research.

Factors Influencing Distribution of Coccidioides immitis in Soil, Washington State, 2016.

Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii are causative agents of Valley fever, a serious fungal disease endemic to regions with hot, arid climate in the United States, Mexico, and Central and South America. The environmental niche of s spp. is not well defined, and it remains unknown whether these fungi are primarily associated with rodents or grow as saprotrophs in soil.

NCI Imaging Data Commons.

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer Research Data Commons (CRDC) aims to establish a national cloud-based data science infrastructure. Imaging Data Commons (IDC) is a new component of CRDC supported by the Cancer Moonshot. The goal of IDC is to enable a broad spectrum of cancer researchers, with and without imaging expertise, to easily access and explore the value of deidentified imaging data and to support integrated analyses with nonimaging data.

Leveraging a health information exchange for analyses of COVID-19 outcomes including an example application using smoking history and mortality.

Understanding sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, and laboratory risk factors in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 is critically important, and requires building large and diverse COVID-19 cohorts with both retrospective information and prospective follow-up. A large Health Information Exchange (HIE) in Southeast Texas, which assembles and shares electronic health information among providers to facilitate patient care, was leveraged to identify COVID-19 patients, create a cohort, and identify risk factors for both favorable and unfavorable outcomes. The initial sample consists of 8,874 COVID-19 patients ascertained from the pandemic's onset to June 12th, 2020 and was created for the analyses shown here.

Examination of Driver Visual and Cognitive Responses to Billboard Elicited Passive Distraction Using Eye-Fixation Related Potential.

Distractions external to a vehicle contribute to visual attention diversion that may cause traffic accidents. As a low-cost and efficient advertising solution, billboards are widely installed on side of the road, especially the motorway. However, the effect of billboards on driver distraction, eye gaze, and cognition has not been fully investigated.

Soil and climactic predictors of canine coccidioidomycosis seroprevalence in Washington State: An ecological cross-sectional study.

Coccidioidomycosis is a predominantly respiratory infection of animals and humans caused by soil-dwelling fungi. Long known to be endemic to North American deserts, locally acquired human cases first emerged in Washington State in 2010. To inform development of an environmental niche map, we conducted an ecological cross-sectional study of the association between soil and climactic variables and canine seroprevalence in Washington State, at the zip code tabulation area level.

Development of an enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies against Coccidioides in dogs and other mammalian species.

Coccidioides is a soil-dwelling fungus that causes coccidioidomycosis, a disease also known as Valley fever, which affects humans and a variety of animal species. Recent findings of Coccidioides in new, unexpected areas of the United States have demonstrated the need for a better understanding of its geographic distribution. Large serological studies on animals could provide important information on the geographic distribution of this pathogen.

A "KISS" EMR may be all you need.

The Obama Administration has continued where the previous one left off in advocating the widespread adoption of electronic (digital) medical records (EMRs). But an expensive EMR system loaded with bells and whistles that you don't really need, and requiring doctors to interact with computers, can cost you in terms of patient-care time as well as money. The Big Three (which can encompass dictation/transcription), drug prescribing, and lab test ordering/results.

Gamma Knife patients' experience: lessons learned from a qualitative study.

Background: Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKSRS) is an outpatient radiation therapy procedure in which a highly focused dose of radiation is delivered in a single fraction. It is used to treat a variety of well-demarcated intracranial lesions, including brain tumors. This study aims to explore patients' perspectives of the GKSRS process and the various stages involved.

Late postoperative opacification of MemoryLens hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses: case series and review.

Purpose: To report clinical and spectrographic analyses of 2 explanted hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Setting: John A. Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, and Johannes Gutenberg-University, Department of Ophthalmology, Mainz, Germany.

Reducing dust, lead, dust mites, bacteria, and fungi in carpets by vacuuming.

Old carpets may be reservoirs of dust, lead (Pb), and dust mite allergen. The purpose of this study was to determine if the dust, Pb, dust mite allergen, bacteria, and fungi on the surface of carpets could be reduced by 90% in 1 week with the use of a Hoover Self Propelled Vacuum with Embedded Dirt Finder (HSPF). A high-volume surface sampler (HVS3) was used to measure surface dust and pollutants before and after the use of the HSPF to remove deep dust in carpets 12 to 20 years old in nine middle-class homes and two small offices.

Topical anesthetic abuse ring keratitis: report of four cases.

Purpose: We present the clinicopathologic correlations of two case and two other clinical cases of topical anesthetic abuse keratopathy that were originally diagnosed as Acanthamoeba keratitis because of ring keratitis presentation and characteristic history.

Methods: Four patients who were referred to us with suspected Acanthamoeba keratitis are included. Each was initially treated for amoebic keratitis, by using established protocols, and only later was the true origin (topical anesthetic abuse) uncovered.

Immunopathology of chronic experimental histoplasmic choroiditis in the primate.

A nonhuman primate model of ocular histoplasmosis was developed that enabled the authors to define the choroidal cellular immunopathology of both the acute and chronic phases of experimental histoplasmic choroiditis. Anti-human monoclonal antibodies were used to identify the inflammatory cell subsets and to calculate their relative percentages in the choroidal inflammatory lesions. Comparison of the acute (less than or equal to 65 days) and chronic (greater than or equal to 1 yr) phases suggested possible variations in the evolution of these lesions, resulting in the development of immunopathologically distinct chronic lesions.

Sex differentials in cardiovascular mortality: an ecological analysis.

The objective of this study is to explain spatial variations in cardiovascular mortality by sex. Recognizing the interdependence of the various dimensions of the 'ecological complex', it is maintained that spatial variations in cardiovascular mortality by sex and the sex differentials in cardiovascular mortality are the consequences of environmental, sustenance organization, health technology, and demographic factors. The test of the model is based on U.

Pseudophakic keratoplasty: posterior chamber lens implantation in the presence of ruptured capsule.

A technique is described for implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens during keratoplasty for bullous keratopathy when a large capsulotomy and vitreous prolapse are present. Seven cases of pseudophakic or aphakic bullous keratopathy with anterior chamber, iris-fixated, or no intraocular lens in place are reported. A completely intact posterior capsule is not necessary to support safely a sulcus-fixated posterior chamber lens.

A comparison of the effects of maternally administered meptazinol and pethidine on neonatal acid-base status.

A randomized double-blind study compared the effects of equi-analgesic doses of maternally administered meptazinol (1.5 mg/kg) and pethidine (1.5 mg/kg) on neonatal acid-base status.

The histopathology of rat lung following short term exposures to mixed oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

The histopathology of rat lung after exposure to high concentrations of mixed oxides of nitrogen (NOx) has been studied. Considerable damage was observed, which initially took the form of 'thickening' and 'blebbing' of the alveolar epithelium and disruption of type II pneumocytes. These early changes were attributed to the direct effect of the oxidant action of NOx.

Pathological changes produced by exposure of rabbits and rats to smokes from mixtures of hexachloroethane and zinc oxide.

Rabbits and rats were exposed to single doses of hexachloroethane zinc smoke and observed for up to 14 days. Changes in the respiratory tract included acute inflammation and in some cases necrosis of the laryngeal and tracheal mucosa. Pulmonary oedema and pneumonitis were observed in decedent animals.

Components of change in the residential concentration of the elderly population: 1950-1975.

Changes in the absolute and relative size of the elderly population within metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas are decomposed into the underlying demographic components for three time periods: 1950 to 1960, 1960 to 1970, 1970 to 1975. Specifically, we examine the components of net migration and natural increase of those aged 0 to 64 and those 64 or older. Using published migration estimates for the U.

Residential mobility and living arrangements among the elderly: changing patterns in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas.

Using data from the 1960 and 1970 Public Use Samples and the 1975 Current Population Survey, this study examines the relationship between residential mobility and living arrangements among the elderly. Particular attention is given to temporal change in that relationship as well as to metropolitan-nonmetropolitan differentials. Persons with living arrangements indicative of greater dependency (i.

Validation of an inferential approach for the measurement of illegitimacy.

An inferential model which utilizes surname comparisons in inferring legitimacy status is developed and validated. Criterion validation is employed to assess the level of agreement between the inferential approach and the conventional reporting procedure. Data for the analysis are based on a sample of birth certificates contained in files of the National Center for Health Statistics for calendar year 1973.

Labor force participation of working mothers and family formation: some further evidence.

This paper offers additional insight and evidence on the well-documented inverse relationship between female employment and fertility. Interviews with 388 working mothers from a probability sample in Robeson County, North Carolina, provide the data for testing the hypothesized relationships. Generally, the results indicate that lower fertility, lower desires and expectations, and earlier use of birth control are associated with work before the first birth and with employment of the longest duration.

Radiation resistance of spores of some Clostridium perfringens strains.

Clostridium perfringens spores (eight strains) were irradiated in a model system with 60Co gamma rays at -30 C. The quantal response data obtained were analyzed with extreme value statistics. It was found (at the 95% confidence level) that all eight strains followed the same rate of death and that this rate was probably (at the 95% level) not exponential.