Children of the Revolution: The continued unevenness of the gender revolution in housework, childcare and work time across birth cohorts.

This study investigates whether parents spend different amounts of time in housework, childcare, and employment across birth cohorts. We apply data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS; 2003-2018) and age-cohort-period models to compare parents' time spent in these activities across three successive birth cohorts: Baby Boomers (1946-1965), Generation X (1966-1980) and Millennials (1981-2000). For housework time, we find no evidence of cohort change for mothers but for fathers, we observe an increase in housework time with each subsequent cohort.

Bad lighting: Effects of youth indoor tanning prohibitions.

Indoor tanning beds (ITBs) emit UV light at high intensity and have been classified as carcinogenic to humans by the World Health Organization since 2009. We are the first to study the role of state laws prohibiting youths from indoor tanning using a difference-in-differences research design. We find that youth ITB prohibitions reduced population search intensity for tanning-related information.

Gender identity and sexual orientation: a glossary.

Gender and sexually diverse populations remain understudied and under-represented in research. This is attributable not only to significant and ongoing data collection limitations, where large population-based studies fail to ask adequate questions around gender and sexuality, but also due to continuously evolving terminology in this space. This glossary takes a preliminary step in rectifying these issues by defining and clarifying the application and understanding of key terms related to gender, gender identity, expression and sexuality.

Social media use among bisexuals and pansexuals: connection, harassment and mental health.

Analysing survey data from 1,304 LGBTQ + young people in Australia collected in 2016, this paper considers key distinctions between the experiences of bisexual and pansexual participants, and lesbian and gay participants in relation to social media use and aspects of connection, harassment and mental health. Presenting quantitative data, illustrated by qualitative extracts, we found broad similarities in motivations for using social media and how participants connected to peers and communities. There were some statistically significant differences, however, in respondents' motivations for using social media and who they connected with on these platforms.

Co-Evolution of Opioid and Adrenergic Ligands and Receptors: Shared, Complementary Modules Explain Evolution of Functional Interactions and Suggest Novel Engineering Possibilities.

Cross-talk between opioid and adrenergic receptors is well-characterized and involves second messenger systems, the formation of receptor heterodimers, and the presence of extracellular allosteric binding regions for the complementary ligand; however, the evolutionary origins of these interactions have not been investigated. We propose that opioid and adrenergic ligands and receptors co-evolved from a common set of modular precursors so that they share binding functions. We demonstrate the plausibility of this hypothesis through a review of experimental evidence for molecularly complementary modules and report unexpected homologies between the two receptor types.

The Nitty-Gritties of Kt/V Calculations in Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis.

In advanced Chronic Kidney Disease, patients require renal replacement therapy (dialysis or transplantation) for clearance of toxins, electrolyte and acid-base balance and removal of excess fluid. Dialysis adequacy should be taken into consideration in the adjustment of the dialysis prescription. Kt/V is one method of measuring dialysis adequacy that is commonly used in clinical practice.

How important is the structure of school vaccine requirement opt-out provisions? Evidence from Washington, DC's HPV vaccine requirement.

Recent increases in vaccine-preventable diseases have led policymakers to reconsider the scope of vaccine requirement exemptions. Yet eliminating these provisions is politically difficult. Beginning in 2009, sixth grade girls in Washington, DC were required to receive the HPV vaccine or submit a one-time opt-out form.

COVID-19 and the immediate impact on young people and employment in Australia: A gendered analysis.

Young people have been regarded as "not at risk" of coronavirus, but what about the economic impact of social distancing and "lockdowns" arising from the pandemic? How have young women fared in comparison to young men? To address these questions, this study draws upon data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, comparing young men and women and their older counterparts. The study also uses the Global Financial Crisis as a reference point to compare the immediate impact of COVID-19 on young people. Results suggest that young people have been significantly impacted by COVID-19 compared to older Australians.

Glutathione and Glutathione-Like Sequences of Opioid and Aminergic Receptors Bind Ascorbic Acid, Adrenergic and Opioid Drugs Mediating Antioxidant Function: Relevance for Anesthesia and Abuse.

Opioids and their antagonists alter vitamin C metabolism. Morphine binds to glutathione (l-γ-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine), an intracellular ascorbic acid recycling molecule with a wide range of additional activities. The morphine metabolite morphinone reacts with glutathione to form a covalent adduct that is then excreted in urine.

Dual-earner parent couples' work and care during COVID-19.

COVID-19 and the associated lockdowns meant many working parents were faced with doing paid work and family care at home simultaneously. To investigate how they managed, this article draws a subsample of parents in dual-earner couples ( = 1536) from a national survey of 2722 Australian men and women conducted during lockdown in May 2020. It asked how much time respondents spent in paid and unpaid labour, including both active and supervisory care, and about their satisfaction with work-family balance and how their partner shared the load.

Caring during COVID-19: A gendered analysis of Australian university responses to managing remote working and caring responsibilities.

COVID-19 is dramatically reconfiguring paid work and care. Emerging evidence in the global media suggests that academic women with caring responsibilities are being disproportionately impacted. This article fills a key knowledge gap by examining how Australian universities are supporting academics to manage remote work and caring during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Comments on "Classification of biphasic solvent systems according to Abraham descriptors for countercurrent chromatography".

Abraham model correlations reported by Marlot and coworkers for the 1-octanol/water, 1-butanol/water, ethyl acetate/water, and heptane/methanol biphasic partitioning systems are compared to previously published Abraham model correlations. The previously published correlations for the fore-mentioned partitioning systems are based on more experimental data points, and exhibit much better descriptive ability as evidenced by much smaller standard deviations/standard errors and larger squared correlation coefficients.

Mutual Enhancement of Opioid and Adrenergic Receptors by Combinations of Opioids and Adrenergic Ligands Is Reflected in Molecular Complementarity of Ligands: Drug Development Possibilities.

Crosstalk between opioid and adrenergic receptors is well characterized and due to interactions between second messenger systems, formation of receptor heterodimers, and extracellular allosteric binding regions. Both classes of receptors bind both sets of ligands. We propose here that receptor crosstalk may be mirrored in ligand complementarity.

Adrenergic Agonists Bind to Adrenergic-Receptor-Like Regions of the Mu Opioid Receptor, Enhancing Morphine and Methionine-Enkephalin Binding: A New Approach to "Biased Opioids"?

Extensive evidence demonstrates functional interactions between the adrenergic and opioid systems in a diversity of tissues and organs. While some effects are due to receptor and second messenger cross-talk, recent research has revealed an extracellular, allosteric opioid binding site on adrenergic receptors that enhances adrenergic activity and its duration. The present research addresses whether opioid receptors may have an equivalent extracellular, allosteric adrenergic binding site that has similar enhancing effects on opioid binding.

Modulating the generation of long-lived charge separated states exclusively from the triplet excited states in palladium porphyrin-fullerene conjugates.

This study demonstrates molecular engineering of a series of donor-acceptor systems to allow control of the lifetime and initial spin multiplicity of the charge-separated state. By tuning the rate of intersystem crossing (ISC) and the donor-acceptor distance, electron transfer can be made to occur exclusively from the triplet excited state of the electron donor resulting in long-lived charge separation. To achieve this, three new palladium porphyrin-fullerene donor-acceptor systems were synthesized.

Intracellular Bacterial Communities: A Potential Etiology for Chronic Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.

Patients with persistent lower urinary tract symptoms and negative urine cultures are often difficult to treat. Infection may go undetected in these patients because the concentrations of bacteria in their urine are beneath the threshold of standard urine culture techniques. Empiric treatment may result in temporary relief, followed by recurrent symptoms.

Bacterial detection & identification using electrochemical sensors.

Electrochemical sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of analytes. Electrochemical sensors operate by transducing a biological recognition event into a useful electrical signal. Signal transduction occurs by coupling the activity of a redox enzyme to an amperometric electrode.

Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing by sensitive detection of precursor rRNA using a novel electrochemical biosensing platform.

Precursor rRNA (pre-rRNA) is an intermediate stage in the formation of mature rRNA and is a useful marker for cellular metabolism and growth rate. We developed an electrochemical sensor assay for Escherichia coli pre-rRNA involving hybridization of capture and detector probes with tail sections that are spliced away during rRNA maturation. A ternary self-assembled monolayer (SAM) prepared on gold electrode surfaces by coassembly of thiolated capture probes with hexanedithiol and posttreatment with 6-mercapto-1-hexanol minimized the background signal and maximized the signal-to-noise ratio.

Timing of orchiopexy in the United States: a quality-of-care indicator.

Objective: To investigate whether orchiopexies are occurring later than recommended by American Academy of Pediatrics 1996 guidelines (around age 1). Adherence to guidelines is poorly studied.

Methods: The main cohort consisted of 4103 boys insured from birth (Innovus i3, insurance claims database).

Target-specific capture enhances sensitivity of electrochemical detection of bacterial pathogens.

We report the concentration and purification of bacterial 16S rRNA by the use of a biotinylated DNA target-specific capture (TSC) probe. For both cultivated bacterial and urine specimens from urinary tract infection patients, TSC resulted in a 5- to 8-fold improvement in the sensitivity of bacterial detection in a 16S rRNA electrochemical sensor assay.

Virilization of a female infant by a maternal adrenocortical carcinoma.

Objective: To describe a possible mechanism underlying the partial virilization of a 46, XX infant by a functional maternal adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC).

Methods: We performed immunocytochemical staining of tumor sections for luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptors. In addition, related reports in the literature are discussed.

Improved continence in patients with neurogenic sphincteric incompetence with combination tubularized posterior urethroplasty and fascial wrap: the lengthening, narrowing and tightening procedure.

Purpose: We evaluated the outcome in 19 patients who underwent bladder neck reconstruction by lengthening, narrowing and tightening the bladder neck with a combined tubularized posterior urethroplasty and circumferential fascial wrap.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the records of all patients who underwent bladder neck lengthening, narrowing and tightening between April 1996 and November 2002. Preoperative urodynamic and radiographic data were available on all patients.

Percutaneous cystolithotomy for calculi in reconstructed bladders: initial UCLA experience.

Purpose: Following bladder augmentation, patients are at significant risk for bladder calculi. We present our experience with a minimally invasive treatment approach using endoscopically assisted percutaneous cystolithotomy.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective chart review identified 74 patients who underwent percutaneous cystolithotomy following bladder augmentation between 2002 and 2009.