Monozygotic, 17-year-old, female twins exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero and discordant for cervicovaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma are reported. Benign teratologic changes were present in both. The twin with cancer was treated by extensive operation and postoperative irradiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Endocrinol Metab
February 1980
Heritable influences on venous plasma norepinephrine (PNe) and urinary norepinephrine (UNe) values were examined in normotensive monozygotic and dizygotic twins during volume expansion and contraction. The presence of genetic variance was tested by calculating the within-pair estimate of genetic variance. Significant genetic variance was found to influence PNe during recumbency before and after a 4-h iv infusion of 2 liters saline.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQRB Qual Rev Bull
February 1980
Concerted resolve and coordinated planning on the part of both administrative and patient care staff at the medical center made it possible to treat more patients in fewer beds than ever before and to improve the core staffing ratio at the same time. Staffing was enhanced and new programs were developed using available resources. Reduction of the average LOS for patients throughout the medical center was a primary factor in these achievements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFamilial resemblance in intellectual skills is well documented, but its interpretation is a source of continuing controversy. The critical problem is that a family's shared genes are confounded with its shared experiences, and controls possible in animal research (selective mating, cross-fostering, and uniform or randomised environments) do not directly apply to human subjects. Conventional twin and family methods reveal substantial genetic variance in intelligence quotient (IQ) test scores, but the same methods also document significant environmental influences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwin and family studies have revealed genetic and maternal influences on plasma cholesterol. This study was designed to identify familial and environmental variables related to cholesterol levels in children. Volunteer families (n = 74) were obtained from a previous study of cord blood cholesterol.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Genet Med Gemellol (Roma)
September 1981
Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma)
September 1981
There are several dynamic influences on anterior fontanelle development in infants; among them, brain growth, dural attachments, suture development, and osteogenesis, It thus seems reasonable to hypothesize that variation in anterior fontanelle development between infants, related and unrelated, might have a significant genetic component. Anterior fontanelle size was quantitated by the method of Popich and Smith for 94 monozygotic (MZ) and 187 dizygotic (DZ) four-month-old twin pairs. The general model for estimating genetic variance from quantitative twin data was applied to MZ and DZ twins and then separately by chorion type.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Genet Med Gemellol (Roma)
September 1981
We report a family in which a mentally retarded, proportionately dwarfed girl had a child from a presumably incestuous mating that had the Ellis van-Creveld syndrome, presumed autosomal recessive hydrocephalus (Dandy-Walker type), and homozygosity for an extremely long 9qh+ chromosomal marker. The mentally retarded mother had normal birth weight, unusual facial appearance, and virtual absence of secondary sexual hair; she developed severe hypoglycemia during pregnancy. Her parents were first cousins, and she may have a previously unreported autosomal recessive syndrome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo investigate the influence of hereditary on plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC), blood pressure, and the renal excretion of sodium and potassium following volume expansion and contraction in normal man, we studied 37 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and 18 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins. Volume expansion was achieved by the intravenous infusion of 2L normal saline; volume contraction was accomplished by a low-sodium diet and 120 mg oral furosemide. The presence of genetic variance was tested by calculating the within pair and among component estimates of genetic variance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe multiple relationships within kinships of adult monozygotic twins permit incisive analyses to be made of genetic and environmental effects on behavioral traits. Data from families of 65 monozygotic twin pairs yield evidence of genetic variance on the Block Design Test, a nonverbal measure of general intelligence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPregnant mice were treated with naloxone via subcutaneous implants, from about 5 days prior to parturition. At birth entire litters were cross-fostered so that groups of offspring were exposed to naloxone treated mothers; before birth, after birth to weaning, from about 5 days prior to birth to weaning, or not exposed to naloxone. When tested on a hot-plate at 50 days of age, females either prenatally treated or treated pre- and postnatally showed hyperalgesia to heat.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe multiple relationships which exist within families of adult monozygotic (MZ) twins permit evaluation of genetic and environmental variance and provide a direct test of maternal effects. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured in 610 members of the families of 76 MZ twin pairs. Age and sex effects on BP were removed via a Z-transformation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSignificantly larger variation between sibships within families of male MZ twins than between sibships within families of female MZ twins, indicative of maternal influences, was found for 10 of 41 dermatoglyphic fingertip variables. Of these, five were thumb-related with the effect primarily on the thumb radial and ridge count (larger of radial and ulnar count). These same variables were previously found to have unequal variances in MZ twins of known placental type, and the results indicate maternal influences in singletons as well as twins for these variables.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study, 143 medical and pediatric nurse practitioners in 61 agencies identified problems in role implementation and formulated recommendations for more effective utilization in clinical settings which employ, or plan to employ, nurse practitioners. Physician-intensive settings appeared to utilize nurse practitioners least effectively and more practitioners left such settings, citing inability to implement the role, than did practitioners employed by other types of health agencies. Different kinds of health agencies integrated and implemented the role at different rates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Genet Med Gemellol (Roma)
September 1980
To search for an association of twin zygosity with tooth size, 56 dental variables measured from 65 pairs of twins (43 MZ, 22 DZ) were studied. Results of the t' test for equality of the means showed no association of zygosity with any of the variables in males or in females. Results of the F' test for homogeneity of total variances between zygosities showed evidence for unequal total variances in 15 variables in males and 13 in females.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Genet Med Gemellol (Roma)
August 1980
Analysis of variance was performed on the radial and ulnar finger ridge counts and ridge count diversity index in 360 twin sets from which estimates of genetic variance were obtained. Findings for radial and ulnar counts paralleled those previously obtained for finger pattern type and ridge count (larger of radial and ulnar count). In contrast, ridge count diversity showed no indication of unequal total variances, as previously found for the total ridge count.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Genet Med Gemellol (Roma)
August 1980
Possible genetic influences on glomerular filtration rate and electrolyte excretion were investigated in 55 (37 monozygotic, 18 dizygotic) young adult white twin pairs. Subjects were studied during a five-day hospitalization involving sodium loading and sodium depletion. No evidence of genetic variability was found in the control levels of serum or urine sodium and potassium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Genet Med Gemellol (Roma)
July 1980
In a random sample of 104 pairs of middle-class Caucasian, handedness-discordant twins six years of age or older, a significant relationship has been found between birth order and handedness in monozygotic twins, there being an excess of left-handed among first-born twins (P less than 0.01). No such relation has been found in dizygotic twins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Genet Med Gemellol (Roma)
July 1980
Birthweight was measured on 188 monochorionic monozygotic, 54 dichorionic monozygotic, 102 like-sexed dizygotic, and 94 unlike-sexed dizygotic liveborn twin pairs. Overall, males were found to be significantly heavier than females. These differences were not significant, however, when birthweights were compared within zygosity/chorion-type categories.
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