Effectiveness of prophylactic pharmacological hemostatic agents for reduction of blood loss at vaginal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction And Hypothesis: The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological hemostatic agents in the reduction of blood loss at vaginal surgery.

Methods: A systematic review of randomized control trials (RCTs) was completed. We searched PubMed (1946-2022), Embase, and CINAHL, using search terms related to vaginal hysterectomies and reconstructive surgeries combined with peri-operative use of hemostatic agents.

Fertility Knowledge Among Women Struggling to Conceive Without Medical Intervention: A Brief Report.

Introduction: Approximately 1 in 6 women experience infertility. Though medical treatments for infertility exist, they are very costly and highly burdensome for women. It is therefore desirable to optimize women's chances of conception without medical intervention by ensuring that they have adequate knowledge of the female menstrual cycle and the timing of the fertile window.

Psychological coping strategies associated with improved mental health in the context of infertility.

To examine the use of psychological coping strategies across the menstrual cycle in relation to within-person changes in depressed mood, anxious mood, and infertility-related distress, in a sample of women struggling to conceive. Sixty-five women from Canada and the USA (aged 19-43 years) trying to conceive naturally for ≥ 12 months were recruited via social media. On the first day of each participant's menstrual period, and every 3 days until the end of their cycle, participants completed questionnaires assessing depressed and anxious mood, and infertility-related distress.

The risk for coronary heart disease according to insulin resistance with and without type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To examine the role of insulin resistance versus hyperglycemia in the risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and to explore the interaction of insulin resistance with hyperglycemia.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES). 4,825 subjects were selected from 9,737 adults aged ³40 years excluding those with fasting <8 hours, type 1 diabetes, pregnancy, or missing data.

Longitudinal analysis of cardiovascular parameters after gastric bypass surgery.

Background: Identifying the predictors of co-morbidity improvement after gastric bypass surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) might give insight into disease pathophysiology.

Methods: We performed an observational study of 949 patients undergoing primary RYGB from 2005 to 2010. Multivariate mixed models were used to determine the predictors of change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipids, systemic blood pressure, and C-reactive protein.

Sexual dysfunction is common in the morbidly obese male and improves after gastric bypass surgery.

Background: There has been limited research examining the mechanisms and epidemiology of sexual dysfunction in the morbidly obese. Our objectives were to measure sexual function in the morbidly obese man before and after substantial weight loss induced by gastric bypass surgery.

Study Design: All male patients in undergoing gastric bypass completed the Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory (BSFI) before and after operation.

Testicular mixed germ-cell tumor metastatic to the choroid.

Purpose: To describe the fundus findings, ultrasonography, and fluorescein angiography of a testicular mixed germ-cell tumor metastatic to the choroid and to report prompt resolution of the choroidal lesion with systemic chemotherapy.

Methods: Observational case report. A 21-year-old man presented with a 10-cm testicular tumor.

Rapid communication: bipolar PlasmaKinetic transurethral resection of the prostate: reliable training vehicle for today's urology residents.

Background And Purpose: With the improvement of medical therapy and minimally invasive surgical treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia, the number of transurethral resections of the prostate (TURPs) done in training is decreasing. With fewer TURPs being performed, proficiency in this basic urologic technique has decreased, causing longer resection times. This often leads to a higher risk of fluid absorption, water toxicity, and hyponatremia (TUR syndrome).

Risk of renal insufficiency in African-Americans after radical nephrectomy for kidney cancer.

Purpose: We conducted a retrospective review to evaluate the change in serum creatinine in an African-American population undergoing radical nephrectomy.

Materials And Methods: Race, and preoperative and follow-up creatinine data were extracted from the medical records of all patients who underwent radical nephrectomy performed by a single surgeon. Patients were classified as African-American or black and non-African-American.

Hypoglycemia in hospitalized adult patients without diabetes.

Objective: To study hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients without diabetes and to assess the role of underlying illness in th development of hypoglycemia and its association with outcome.

Methods: We undertook a retrospective review of medical records at a university-affiliated tertiary care teaching hospital to identify adult patients without diabetes, admitted between 1994 and 2002, who presented with a blood glucose level of < or =50 mg/dL (< or =2.8 mmol/L).

Parenchymal sparing surgery in patients with hereditary renal cell carcinoma: 10-year experience.

Purpose: von Hippel-Lindau disease, hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma, the Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome and familial renal oncocytoma are familial renal tumor syndromes. These hereditary disorders are noteworthy for the development of multiple bilateral renal tumors and the risk of new tumors throughout life. One management strategy is observation of solid renal tumors until reaching 3 cm, then performing parenchymal sparing surgery.

Molecular analysis of the von hippel-lindau disease gene.

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominant disorder that predisposes the affected individual to develop characteristic tumors. These include CNS hemangioblastoma, retinal angiomas, endolymphatic sac tumors, pancreatic cysts and tumors, epididymal cystadenomas, pheochromocytomas, renal cysts, and clear-cell renal carcinoma. The VHL gene was localized to 3p25 and then isolated by Latif et al.

Regression of metastatic renal-cell carcinoma after nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation.

Background: Since allogeneic stem-cell transplantation can induce curative graft-versus-leukemia reactions in patients with hematologic cancers, we sought to induce analogous graft-versus-tumor effects in patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma by means of nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation.

Methods: Nineteen consecutive patients with refractory metastatic renal-cell carcinoma who had suitable donors received a preparative regimen of cyclophosphamide and fludarabine, followed by an infusion of a peripheral-blood stem-cell allograft from an HLA-identical sibling or a sibling with a mismatch of a single HLA antigen. Cyclosporine, used to prevent graft-versus-host disease, was withdrawn early in patients with mixed T-cell chimerism or disease progression.

Periurethral collagen injection for the treatment of urinary incontinence in children.

Purpose: We assessed the efficacy and safety of periurethral collagen injection for urinary incontinence in children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: We treated 11 children (mean age 10.6 years) who had incontinence and neurogenic bladder dysfunction with periurethral injections of glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen.

A randomized, controlled trial of IL-10 in humans. Inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production and immune responses.

In vitro, IL-10 inhibits T cell proliferation and LPS-induced monocyte production of IL-1, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8. We studied the safety and immunomodulatory effects of IL-10 administration in humans. Seventeen healthy volunteers received a single i.

Viral infections in the intensive care unit.

Serious viral infections requiring intensive care generally occur in immunocompromised patients and in those patients with underlying cardiopulmonary disease. However, occasional cases may occur in normal hosts. This article reviews the serious viral diseases that are commonly encountered in the adult ICU, including viral pneumonia, encephalitis, and hepatitis, and focuses on diagnostic techniques and management principles.