PEGylation of Dipeptide Linker Improves Therapeutic Index and Pharmacokinetics of Antibody-Drug Conjugates.

Hydrophobic payloads incorporated into antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) typically are superior to hydrophilic ones in tumor penetration and "bystander killing" upon release from ADCs. However, they are prone to aggregation and accelerated plasma clearance, which lead to reduced efficacies and increased toxicities of ADC molecules. Shielding the hydrophobicity of payloads by incorporating polyethylene glycol (PEG) elements or sugar groups into the ADC linkers has emerged as a viable alternative to directly adopting hydrophilic payloads.

Ultra-remote robot-assisted right upper lobectomy between the Shanghai and Kashi Prefectures: a case report.

Background: Robot-assisted thoracic surgery has been shown to have several advantages over conventional surgery. As mobile communication technology and surgical robotic devices in China continue to progress rapidly, the conditions for performing remote surgery have been optimized. Consequently, informatized and remote advanced medical cooperation is becoming a new direction for supporting the medical development of border regions and promoting the equitable distribution of medical resources in China.

Relation between uric acid and stroke in aortic dissection.

Background: Stroke is one of the severe complications following surgery in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). This study investigates the relationship between the preoperative serum uric acid to serum creatinine ratio (SUA/Scr) and postoperative stroke in patients undergoing total arch replacement with elephant trunk implantation for aortic dissection.

Methods: We included ATAAD patients who were hospitalized and underwent surgery between June 1, 2015 and June 1, 2023, with complete clinical information.

High Intelectin-1 Expression Associated with Aggressive Tumor Behavior and Worse Survival in Rectal Cancer.

Background: Multimodal treatment involving preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery is the current standard of care for rectal cancer. Despite advancements, the risk of recurrence, metastasis, and decreased survival remains high. This study aims to evaluate potential biomarkers to stratify prognosis in patients with rectal cancer undergoing preoperative CRT and surgery.

Osimertinib as a neoadjuvant therapy in resectable EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: a real-world, multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Osimertinib, a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has been authorized for use in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of neoadjuvant osimertinib in individuals with resectable locally advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR mutation.

Methods: Ten centers located in mainland China took part in a single-arm, real-world, multicenter retrospective study (registration number: ChiCTR2100049954).

Microfluidic Synthesis of miR-200c-3p Lipid Nanoparticles: Targeting ZEB2 to Alleviate Chondrocyte Damage in Osteoarthritis.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degeneration. Chondrocyte inflammation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix degradation accelerated OA progression. MicroRNA (miRNA) has the potential to be a therapeutic method for osteoarthritis.

Conformation-gated binding drives negative cooperativity in ATP:cob(I)alamin Adenosyltransferase for optimized cobalamin handling.

Unlabelled: Vitamin B (cobalamin) is a high-value yet scarce cofactor required for various metabolic processes, making its efficient handling important for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. While the involvement of ATP:cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferases (MMAB) in the synthesis, delivery, and repair of 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) is well established, the kinetic mechanisms that regulate this process, particularly its negative cooperativity, remain poorly understood. Understanding these mechanisms is key to clarifying how MMAB efficiently uses AdoCbl, prevents resource wastage, and supports bacterial survival in nutrient-limited environments.

AAVone: A Cost-Effective, Single-Plasmid Solution for Efficient AAV Production with Reduced DNA Impurities.

Currently, the most common approach for manufacturing GMP-grade adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors involves transiently transfecting mammalian cells with three plasmids that carry the essential components for production. The requirement for all three plasmids to be transfected into a single cell and the necessity for high quantities of input plasmid DNA, limits AAV production efficiency, introduces variability between production batches, and increases time and labor costs. Here, we developed an all-in-one, single-plasmid AAV production system, called AAVone.

Au-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework Coordinated Nanotherapeutics for Substrate Self-Supplied Parallel Catalytic and Calcium-Overload-Mediated Therapy of Cancer.

The multiple enzymatic properties of the Au-modified metal-organic framework (Au-MOFs) have made it a functional catalytic system for antitumor treatment. However, in the face of insufficient catalytic substrates in tumor tissue, it is still impossible to achieve efficient treatment of tumors. Herein, Au-MOFs loaded with hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified calcium peroxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) were used to construct a nanozyme (Au-MOF/CaO/HA) for substrate self-supplied and parallel catalytic/calcium-overload-mediated therapy of cancer.

Tunable Organic-Inorganic p-π-d Electron Conjugation Triggers d-π Hybridization in Quinonized MnO2 Superlattice toward Ultrastable and High-Rate Zn-MnO2 Batteries.

Zn-MnO2 batteries with two-electron transfer harvest high energy density, high working voltage, inherent safety, and cost-effectiveness. Zn2+ as the dominant charge carriers suffer from sluggish kinetics due to the strong Zn2+-MnO2 coulombic interaction, which is also the origin of pestilent MnO2 lattice deformation and performance degradation. Current studies particularly involve H+ insertion-dominating chemistry, where the long-term cycle stability remains challenging due to the accumulative Zn2+ insertion and structural collapse.

Global perspectives on environmental policy innovations: Driving green tourism and consumer behavior in circular economy.

The tourism industry plays a pivotal role in both economic growth and environmental stewardship, making it essential to adopt practices that ensure long-term sustainability. This research aims at relating to the global concern of sustainable management in the tourism industry which is significant in eradicating the effects of environmental degradation as well as promoting economic development. The research problem focuses on exploring sustainable solutions for encouraging green tourism and implementing circular economy concepts.

Effect of different crosslinking agents on carboxymethyl chitosan-glycyrrhizic acid hydrogel: Characterization and biological activities comparison.

Hydrogels were widely utilized in biomedical applications, with their mechanical properties and drug release behavior largely dependent on the type and degree of crosslinking. In this study, the effects of anhydrous ferrous chloride (Fe), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS), and polyvinyl alcohol/borax (PVA/Borax) on the properties of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and glycyrrhizic acid (GA) hydrogels were investigated. The GA-CMCS-based hydrogels (GFC, GEDC, GPBC) were prepared and their Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and rheological properties were analyzed.

Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Background: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with diverse clinical and molecular characteristics, characterized by limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as promising therapies for STS, yet comprehensive evaluations of their efficacy, especially in combination with other treatments, are scarce.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials on ICIs in STS treatment, sourced from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to May 31, 2024.

Paeoniflorin protects the vascular endothelial barrier in mice with sepsis by activating RXRα signaling.

Objective: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by organ dysfunction resulting from the body's aberrant response to infection. A primary indicator of early sepsis is vascular leakage due to endothelial injury. The immunomodulatory effects of paeoniflorin are well established.

Association between abnormal systemic coagulation inflammation index and recurrence of deep venous thrombosis as well as quality of life: A retrospective study.

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limb is a significant clinical challenge with the potential for recurrence, which can lead to increased morbidity and reduced quality of life.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted involving 367 patients diagnosed with lower limb DVT from June 2020 to June 2023. Patients were categorized into a recurrence group ( = 121) and a non-recurrence group ( = 246) based on DVT occurrence.

Probabilistic assessment of the cumulative risk from dietary heavy metal exposure in Chongqing, China using a hazard-driven approach.

Cumulative risk assessment is significant for evaluating the combined exposure to multiple substances, but its widespread acceptance and application have been limited due to the complexity of clarifying and assessing actual exposure. In this study, we conducted a cumulative risk assessment based on hazard-driven criteria to evaluate the co-exposure to elemental contaminants in the diet of the population in Chongqing Municipality. The cumulative risk was calculated and evaluated using Monte Carlo modeling and the modified Reference Point Index (mRPI) method.

Liquid-infused nanostructured composite as a high-performance thermal interface material for effective cooling.

Effective heat dissipation remains a grand challenge for energy-dense devices and systems. As heterogeneous integration becomes increasingly inevitable in electronics, thermal resistance at interfaces has emerged as a critical bottleneck for thermal management. However, existing thermal interface solutions are constrained by either high thermal resistance or poor reliability.

Tandem Reaction on Ru/Cu-CHA Catalysts for Ammonia Elimination with Enhanced Activity and Selectivity.

Ammonia emissions from vehicles and power plants cause severe environmental issues, including haze pollution and nitrogen deposition. Selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) is a promising technology for ammonia abatement, but current catalysts often struggle with insufficient activity and poor nitrogen selectivity, leading to the formation of secondary pollutants. In this study, we developed a bifunctional Ru/Cu-CHA zeolite catalyst for ammonia oxidation, incorporating both SCO sites (Ru) and selective catalytic reduction sites (SCR, Cu).

Enhanced pullulanase production through expression system optimization and biofilm-immobilized fermentation strategies.

Pullulanase (PUL) plays a crucial role in breaking down α-1,6-glycosidic bonds in starch, a key process in starch processing and conversion. Based on PulB with high enzymatic activity, the expression of PUL in Bacillus subtilis was enhanced by plasmid screening, double promoter optimization, and signal peptide engineering. Furthermore, we innovatively employed a mussel foot protein to enhance the cell adhesion to carriers and utilized biofilm-based cell immobilization technology to optimize the fermentation process and stimulate biofilm formation.

Association of Organophosphorus Pesticide and Glyphosate Exposure with Nasal Flora and Total IgE in Solar Greenhouse Workers: A Unique Farmer Group.

Studies have shown that the presence of allergens, including insecticides, significantly increases the risk of occupational allergic diseases among solar greenhouse workers. However, no studies have yet investigated the relationship between organophosphorus pesticide use by greenhouse workers and allergic diseases, and the role of the flora in this context remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between combined exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and Glyphosate (GLY) and changes in total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, as well as to analyze the role of nasal flora in allergic status.

An expanding universe of mutational signatures and its rapid evolution in single-stranded RNA viruses.

The study of mutational processes in somatic genomes has gained recent momentum, uncovering a wide array of endogenous and exogenous factors associated with somatic changes. However, the overall landscape of mutational processes in germline mutations across the tree of life and associated evolutionary driving forces are rather unclear. In this study, we analyzed mutational processes in single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses which are known to jump between different hosts with divergent exogenous environments.

The characterization of in regulation of flower size through tuning cell expansion genes.

Flower appearance stands as a key characteristic of flowering plants and is closely linked to their ornamental value. Phytohormone Gibberellin (GA), essential for plant growth and development are widely reported for expansion in flower. DELLA proteins are known to negatively regulate GA signaling and influences plant growth and development through the regulation of cell expansion.

Efficacy of moisture chamber goggles combined with fluorometholone eye drops on visual function and oxidative stress in patients with dry eye disease.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Moisture Chamber Goggles combined with Fluorometholone eye drops on visual function and oxidative stress in patients with dry eye disease.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 patients with dry eye disease treated at Ninghai First Hospital from January 2021 to May 2023. Patients were divided into a combination group (n=40, receiving Fluorometholone eye drops and Moisture Chamber Goggles) and a monotherapy group (n=40, receiving Fluorometholone eye drops alone) based on treatment regimens.

Super-Resolution Goes Viral: T4 Virus Particles as Versatile 3D-Bio-NanoRulers.

In the burgeoning field of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, significant efforts are being dedicated to expanding its applications into the 3D domain. Various methodologies have been developed that enable isotropic resolution at the nanometer scale, facilitating the visualization of 3D subcellular structures with unprecedented clarity. Central to this progress is the need for reliable 3D structures that are biologically compatible for validating resolution capabilities.