Publications by authors named "CHAPMAN A"

Background: Premature infants who cannot achieve full oral feeds may need a gastrostomy tube (GT) to be discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We previously developed a model to predict which infants born <30 weeks (w) gestational age (GA) will require a GT before discharge. Here we report the detailed respiratory variable data to describe the general respiratory course for infants in the NICU < 30 w GA at birth and the association between different levels of respiratory support with postmenstrual age (PMA) at the time of first oral feeding attempt (PMAff), including later need for GT for discharge.

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Article Synopsis
  • - AusTraits is a comprehensive database that compiles data on 448 traits from 28,640 taxa in Australian flora, integrating information from various sources like field studies and published literature.
  • - The database includes a wide range of traits, from physiological performance measures (like photosynthesis) to morphological features (such as leaf size and plant height), linking these traits to ecological variations.
  • - The latest version, 3.0.2, presents 997,808 trait-by-taxon combinations and aims to facilitate collaboration in archiving and sharing plant trait data, serving as a model for similar initiatives worldwide.
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This manuscript provides a literary analysis of the use of bodies in the novel by David Foster Wallace. The novel describes a world where oversaturation of external stimulation leads to the perception of mind and body of self of an individual as prosthetic parts, malleable and deformed, wherein the mind fails to feel bodily sensations and characters experience a complete disconnectedness from the self and others. Indeed, the disembodiment of characters and sensations of disconnection leads them to a compulsive quest for connectedness through the use of masks, made-up feelings, mind-body hybrid pain, corporeal malleability, and prostheses.

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Plasma renin activity (PRA) is a predictive biomarker of blood pressure (BP) response to antihypertensives in European-American hypertensive patients. We aimed to identify the metabolic signatures of baseline PRA and the linkages with BP response to β-blockers and thiazides. Using data from the Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses-2 (PEAR-2) trial, multivariable linear regression adjusting for age, sex and baseline systolic-BP (SBP) was performed on European-American individuals treated with metoprolol ( = 198) and chlorthalidone ( = 181), to test associations between 856 metabolites and baseline PRA.

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The differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on communities of color in the United States along with the civil unrest taking place in 2020 in response to the killing of unarmed Black men and women by the police have increased awareness of the structural racism pervading US society. These developments have reraised the issue of reparations for Black Americans, usually proposed in the context of providing financial compensation for the injustices of slavery to the descendants of those who were enslaved. This paper will discuss the systematic racial inequality and structural racism in US society that have significantly disadvantaged racial and ethnic minorities while giving advantages to white Americans, which most recently have resulted in significantly higher mortality and morbidity among Black, Hispanic, and Native Americans during the pandemic.

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Housing stability is an important determinant of health. The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) administers several programs to assist Veterans experiencing unstable housing. Measuring long-term housing stability of Veterans who receive assistance from VA is difficult due to a lack of standardized structured documentation in the Electronic Health Record (EHR).

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Aims: Whilst the risk factors for type 1 myocardial infarction due to atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombosis are established, our understanding of the factors that predispose to type 2 myocardial infarction during acute illness is still emerging. Our aim was to evaluate and compare the risk factors for type 1 and type 2 myocardial infarction.

Methods And Results: We conducted a secondary analysis of a multi-centre randomized trial population of 48 282 consecutive patients attending hospital with suspected acute coronary syndrome.

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Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the level of agreement between 3-day food records obtained as part of clinical care with 24-hour urine collections specifically assessing sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, protein, and fluid intake.

Design And Methods: Data were collected from patients at a nephrology clinic in a metropolitan, academic medical center. Patients who completed both a 3-day food record and a 24-hour urine collection were analyzed.

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Background: Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a rare, debilitating, chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects the hands and feet. Clinical, immunological and genetic findings suggest a pathogenic role for interleukin (IL)-1.

Objectives: To determine whether anakinra (an IL-1 receptor antagonist) delivers therapeutic benefit in PPP.

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Rationale & Objective: Pain is a frequent complication of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and includes back and abdominal pain. We hypothesized that in adults with early- and late-stage ADPKD, overweight and obesity are independently associated with greater self-reported back, abdominal, and radicular pain at baseline and that weight loss would be associated with decreased pain over a follow-up period.

Study Design: Post hoc analysis of pooled data from 2 randomized trials.

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Introduction: The best strategy to manage an interarytenoid defect [Type 1 laryngeal cleft (LC-1) or deep interarytenoid groove (DIG)] in pediatric aerodigestive patients with dysphagia remains uncertain. This study compared benefit of interarytenoid augmentation (IAA) to suture repair or clinical observation alone in pediatric patients.

Methods: A 3-year retrospective, single-center analysis of children with dysphagia undergoing endoscopic airway evaluation was performed.

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Introduction: Tolvaptan slowed estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in subjects with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in TEMPO 3:4 and REPRISE trials. Tolvaptan effects in subjects with eGFR 15 to 24 ml/min per 1.73 m were not investigated.

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Article Synopsis
  • Biologic therapies, like adalimumab, have improved psoriasis treatment, but predicting patient responses remains a challenge due to variability in outcomes.
  • This study examines blood immune cells in 67 psoriasis patients before and during adalimumab therapy to identify potential biomarkers that can predict treatment response.
  • Key findings suggest that higher NF-κBp65 phosphorylation in type-2 dendritic cells before treatment correlates with a lack of response, providing a potential predictive biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity.
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-associated megaesophagus was diagnosed in a domestic Louisiana-born llama with no significant travel history. The llama resided in the same rural area of greater New Orleans, Louisiana, where the first human autochthonous case of Chagas disease was identified in the state. Venous blood from the llama tested positive for kinetoplastid DNA by conventional PCR.

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Introduction Mass casualty incidents (MCI) are low-frequency, high-risk events that disrupt the day-to-day operations of medical centers. Day-to-day protocols are insufficient for effectively managing MCI events, creating a need to develop and test MCI-specific protocols. The aim of this project was to utilize interviews to gain insight into staff experience and perspective on MCIs and their institution's response plans.

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Background: Sarcopenia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the trauma patient. The primary objective of this study was to determine the relationship of psoas cross sectional area with hospital mortality in patients with rib fractures over the age of 55 years.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1223 patients presenting to a Level 1 Trauma Center between 1/1/2002 and 1/31/2019.

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Eleven-nineteen leukemia (ENL) protein is a histone acetylation reader essential for disease maintenance in acute leukemias, in particular, the ()-rearranged leukemia. In this study, we carried out high-throughput screening of a small-molecule library to identify inhibitors for the ENL YEATS domain. Structure-activity relationship studies of the hits and structure-based inhibitor design led to two compounds, and , with IC values below 100 nM in inhibiting the ENL-acetyl-H3 interaction.

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Background: Adolescent females are particularly susceptible to suffering anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, likely influenced by well-established maturational changes. This study investigated ACL biomechanical injury risk factors and their association with biological maturation in females.

Methods: Thirty-five adolescent females (15±1 year) completed a series of maximum-effort 90° unanticipated cutting maneuvers.

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Objective: To determine if the Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) improves functional impairment, psychiatric symptoms, and sleep and circadian functioning.

Method: Adults diagnosed with serious mental illness (SMI) and sleep and circadian dysfunction (N = 121) were randomly allocated to TranS-C plus usual care (TranS-C + UC; n = 61; 8 individual weekly sessions) or 6 months of Usual Care followed by Delayed Treatment with TranS-C (UC-DT; n = 60). Schizophrenia (45%) and anxiety disorders (47%) were common.

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Background: Although the 99th percentile is the recommended diagnostic threshold for myocardial infarction, some guidelines also advocate the use of higher troponin thresholds to rule in myocardial infarction at presentation. It is unclear whether the magnitude or change in troponin concentration can differentiate causes of myocardial injury and infarction in practice.

Methods: In a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial, we identified 46 092 consecutive patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction.

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Innovative concepts and materials are enabling energy harvesters for slower motion, particularly for personal wearables or portable small-scale applications, hence contributing to a future sustainable economy. Here we propose a principle for a capacitive rotor device and analyze its operation. This device is based on a rotor containing many capacitors in parallel.

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SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019 and has since spread around the world, causing a pandemic of the respiratory disease COVID-19. Detecting antibodies against the virus is an essential tool for tracking infections and developing vaccines. Such tests, primarily utilizing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) principle, can be either qualitative (reporting positive/negative results) or quantitative (reporting a value representing the quantity of specific antibodies).

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The application of high-sensitivity cardiac troponins in clinical practice has led to an increase in the recognition of elevated concentrations in patients without myocardial ischaemia. The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction encourages clinicians to classify such patients as having an acute or chronic myocardial injury based on the presence or absence of a rise or a fall in cardiac troponin concentrations. Both conditions may be caused by a variety of cardiac and non-cardiac conditions, and evidence suggests that clinical outcomes are worse than patients with myocardial infarction due to atherosclerotic plaque rupture, with as few as one-third of patients alive at 5 years.

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