Corticosteroid Injection With and Without Local Anesthetic for the Treatment of Trigger Finger: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: This study aimed to report pain during and following injection for trigger finger as well as failure to resolve triggering. We hypothesized that a corticosteroid injection alone would be equally or less painful compared with the standard combination of corticosteroid and lidocaine for the treatment of trigger fingers, and there would be no difference in the resolution of triggering.

Methods: Our study was a prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial at a single institution, comprising 76 patients with a diagnosis of trigger finger.

Ultrabroadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy in the pump-probe geometry using conventional optics.

We report ultrabroadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2D ES) measurements obtained in the pump-probe geometry using conventional optics. A phase-stabilized Michelson interferometer provides the pump-pulse delay interval, τ, necessary to obtain the excitation-frequency dimension. Spectral resolution of the probe beam provides the detection-frequency dimension, ω.

Spectral widths and Stokes shifts in InP-based quantum dots.

InP-based quantum dots (QDs) have Stokes shifts and photoluminescence (PL) line widths that are larger than in II-VI semiconductor QDs with comparable exciton energies. The mechanisms responsible for these spectral characteristics are investigated in this paper. Upon comparing different semiconductors, we find the Stokes shift decreases in the following order: InP > CdTe > CdSe.

Persistent opioid use after cesarean delivery in the United States of America: a systematic review.

Background: This systematic review assessed the incidence of persistent opioid use after cesarean delivery in opioid-naïve individuals in the United States of America (USA).

Methods: A literature search identified articles that reported persistent opioid use after cesarean delivery between January 2000 and February 2022. Studies were manually reviewed, and data pertaining to rates of persistent postpartum opioid use and methodologic information were qualitatively analyzed.

Correlation of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 6 Score and Physical Exam Maneuvers With Electrodiagnostic Test Severity in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Blinded Prospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: Although carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) can be diagnosed clinically with the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 6 (CTS-6) evaluation tool, the relationship between disease severity and CTS-6 score has not been elucidated. The purpose of our study was to determine the correlation of the CTS-6 score and other physical examination maneuvers with the carpal tunnel severity grade by electrodiagnostic testing (EDT). We hypothesized that the CTS-6 score, Durkan test, and Semmes Weinstein Monofilament Testing (SWMT) positively correlate with EDT severity.

Identity of the reversible hole traps in InP/ZnSe core/shell quantum dots.

Density functional theory calculations are combined with time-resolved photoluminescence experiments to identify the species responsible for the reversible trapping of holes following photoexcitation of InP/ZnSe/ZnS core/shell/shell quantum dots (QDs) having excess indium in the shell [P. Cavanaugh et al., J.

Biexciton and trion dynamics in InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots.

Transient absorption (TA) and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies have been used to elucidate the hole tunneling and Auger dynamics in biexcitons and negative trions in high-quality InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). In a previous paper [Nguyen et al., J.

Management of a Retained Rare Earth Magnetic Finger Mass Sustained from a Semiconductor Explosion Injury: A Case Report.

Case: We present a case of a 51-year-old man with a retained supercharged rare earth magnetic finger mass sustained from an explosion injury at a semiconductor processing facility. The patient underwent excision of the rare metal mass, subsequently maintaining digital function without mass recurrence.

Conclusion: Common to the semiconductor industry, neodymium is a rare earth metal and powerful magnet.

Radiative dynamics and delayed emission in pure and doped InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots.

We have used time-correlated single photon counting to elucidate the radiative dynamics of InP/ZnSe/ZnS core/shell/shell quantum dots (QDs) that differ in the amount and distribution of excess indium. Stoichiometric QDs having an In:P atom ratio very near unity exhibit simple luminescence kinetics. The photoluminescence (PL) rises with the 40 ps instrument response function and exhibits a decay that is close to a single exponential with a time constant that decreases from 32 to 28 ns with increasing shell thickness.

Implementation of a Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Condition of Employment in a Community Nursing Home.

The rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination uptake by US nursing home staff remains low despite the increased risks of viral transmission and related morbidity and mortality in this setting. This study describes vaccine uptake activities including a COVID-19 vaccination condition of employment (COE) policy in one community nursing home. This case study summarizes the timeline of vaccination uptake activities, staff vaccination rates over time, and stakeholder perspectives around the implementation of a COVID-19 vaccination COE.

Effectiveness of Quickcast Versus Custom-Fabricated Thermoplastic Orthosis Immobilization for the Treatment of Mallet Fingers: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Mallet finger is a common injury involving a detachment of the terminal extensor tendon from the distal phalanx. This injury is usually treated with immobilization in a cast or splint. The purpose of this study is to compare outcomes of mallet fingers treated with either a cast (Quickcast) or a traditional thermoplastic custom-fabricated orthosis.

Excision of a Rare Triquetral Body Fracture Nonunion.

Aside from the more common dorsal avulsion fractures, isolated triquetral body fractures are a rare injury and often missed. When they are identified, conservative treatment via immobilization is often the standard of care for initial treatment. Rarely, triquetral body fractures can develop into symptomatic nonunions, causing considerable pain and disability.

National trends in total hip arthroplasty for traumatic hip fractures: An analysis of a nationwide all-payer database.

Background: Hemiarthroplasty (HA) has traditionally been the treatment of choice for elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures. Ideal treatment for younger, ambulatory patients is not as clear. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been increasingly utilized in this population however the factors associated with undergoing HA or THA have not been fully elucidated.

Pediatric Perioperative Pain Management.

Effective perioperative pain control in pediatric patients undergoing orthopedic surgery remains a challenge. Developing a successful pain control regimen begins preoperatively with assessment of the patient and discussion with the patient and family regarding expectations. Perioperative pain control regimens are customized based on the type of surgery, patient characteristics, and anticipated severity and duration of the postoperative pain.

Method of intraoperative tissue sampling for culture has an effect on contamination risk.

Purpose: This prospective study was designed to determine whether exposure of intraoperative tissue samples to the operating room environment affects subsequent culture results.

Methods: A prospective study conducted on 125 patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty was conducted from August 2013 to December 2015. During surgery, three samples from the infrapatellar fat pad were obtained.

Pediatric Open Fractures.

Open fractures in children are rare and are typically associated with better prognoses compared with their adult equivalents. Regardless, open fractures pose a challenge because of the risk of healing complications and infection, leading to significant morbidity even in the pediatric population. Therefore, the management of pediatric open fractures requires special consideration.

Complications and Mortality in Chronic Renal Failure Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Comparison Between Dialysis and Renal Transplant Patients.

Background: In total joint arthroplasty (TJA) literature, there is a paucity of large cohort studies comparing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) vs non-CKD/ESRD patients. Thus, the purposes of this study were (1) to identify inhospital complications and mortality in CKD/ESRD and non-CKD/ESRD patients and (2) compare inhospital complications and mortality between dialysis and renal transplantation patients undergoing TJA.

Methods: We queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database for patients with and without diagnosis of CKD/ESRD and those with a renal transplant or on dialysis undergoing primary or revision total knee or hip arthroplasty from 2007 to 2011.

Is neuraxial anesthesia safe in patients undergoing surgery for treatment of periprosthetic joint infection?

Background: There is concern that neuraxial anesthesia in patients undergoing surgery for treatment of a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) may increase the risk of having a central nervous system infection develop. However, the available data on this topic are limited and contradictory.

Questions/purposes: We wished to determine whether neuraxial anesthesia (1) is associated with central nervous system infections in patients undergoing surgery for a PJI, and (2) increases the likelihood of systemic infection in these patients.

Total joint arthroplasty in transplant recipients: in-hospital adverse outcomes.

This study aims to determine in-hospital complications and mortality in transplant recipients following total joint arthroplasty. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was queried for patients with history of transplant and joint arthroplasty (primary or revision) from 1993 to 2011. Kidney transplant increased risk of surgical site infection (SSI) and wound infections (OR=2.

Leukocyte esterase strip test: matched for musculoskeletal infection society criteria.

Background: The presence of leukocyte esterase in the synovial fluid has recently been proposed as a marker for periprosthetic joint infection. However, the sensitivity and specificity of leukocyte esterase has not been determined when matched for the current, most inclusive Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria for periprosthetic joint infection.

Methods: The presence of leukocyte esterase was prospectively evaluated in synovial joint aspirates from hips and knees from May 2009 to May 2013.

Diminished testing benefits in young adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Memory retrieval has been shown to enhance the long-term retention of tested material; however, recent research suggests that limiting attention during retrieval can decrease the benefits of testing memory. The present study examined whether testing benefits are reduced in young adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). College students with and without ADHD read three short prose passages, each followed by a free recall test, a restudy period or a distractor task.

Periprosthetic knee infection: ten strategies that work.

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most serious complications following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The demand for TKA is rapidly increasing, resulting in a subsequent increase in infections involving knee prosthesis. Despite the existence of common management practices, the best approach for several aspects in the management of periprosthetic knee infection remains controversial.

Safety and efficacy of glycopyrrolate oral solution for management of pathologic drooling in pediatric patients with cerebral palsy and other neurologic conditions.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of oral glycopyrrolate solution 1 mg/5 mL for 24 weeks in pediatric patients with chronic moderate-to- severe drooling associated with cerebral palsy and other neurologic conditions.

Methods: In this multicenter, open-label, 24-week study, males and females aged 3-18 years weighing at least 27 lb received oral glycopyrrolate solution, starting at 0.02 mg/kg three times daily and titrated in increments of 0.