Synthetic Strategies for the Development of Novel Heterocycles as Larvicides Targeting Aedes aegypti Linn.

Background: Owing to their extensive utilization as pesticides, heterocycles assume a fundamental role in the management of vector-borne diseases. Despite the presence of numerous heterocyclic compounds in commercial insecticides and larvicides, resistance to pesticides still demands novel strategies to current pest control methods. Considering these facts, this review aims to survey the synthesis and SAR of heterocyclic molecules with larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti Linn.

Persistence of HPV in cervical smears of vaccinated WLWH support for combined molecular testing and cytology screening.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection profoundly affects women living with HIV (WLWH). This infection leads to cervical cancer (CC) and increased mortality.

Methods: This study monitored HPV infection in WLWH in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, before (T1) and after (T2) 4 years of vaccination.

Comparison between PCR-RFLP and sequencing techniques in the analysis of Paracoccidioides spp. biodiversity: limitations and insights into species and variant differentiation.

Background: The study of Paracoccidioides spp. faces significant challenges due to limitations inherent in the molecular biology techniques employed. Recently, new species were described whose geographical and genetic distributions were investigated.

Anti-migratory and cytotoxic effect of indole derivative in C6 glioma cells.

Gliomas are among the most common primary malignant brain tumors. Despite advances in cancer treatment, survival is very low, so the discovery of new therapeutic agents is essential. In this context, indole is an important source for the development of new bioactive molecules.

Bragg scattering of stochastic beams in PT-symmetric photonic lattices.

The propagation of a Gaussian-Schell beam through a PT-symmetric optical lattice, whose index of refraction is represented by a sinusoidal type of function, is theoretically investigated. Within the framework of standard coherence theory, one is able to access and elucidate unexpected consequences of the interplay between the spatial coherence properties of the beam and the non-Hermitian nature of the photonic lattice. We describe how one may use a non-Hermitian periodic medium to enhance the spatial coherence properties of a partially coherent beam.

Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulations against Tyrosine-protein Kinase Fyn Reveal Potential Novel Therapeutic Candidates for Bovine Papillomatosis.

Background: Decreased beef productivity due to papillomatosis has led to the development and identification of novel targets and molecules to treat the disease. Protein kinases are promising targets for the design of numerous chemotherapy drugs.

Objective: This study aimed to screen and design new inhibitors of bovine Fyn, a protein kinase, using structure-based computational methods, such as molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS).

SEROLOGICAL SURVEY FOR SELECTED PATHOGENS IN FREE-RANGING COUGARS () IN SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL.

This study performed a serological assay to assess the exposure of free-ranging cougars () to four selected infectious agents, including , spp., the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and the feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Serum samples were collected from 27 free-ranging cougars along the Tietê River Basin, in the central region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil.

Optics in South America: introduction.

South American optics research has seen remarkable growth over the past 50 years, with significant contributions in areas such as quantum optics, holography, spectroscopy, nonlinear optics, statistical optics, nanophotonics and integrated photonics. The research has driven economic development in sectors like telecom, biophotonics, biometrics, and agri-sensing. This joint feature issue between JOSA A and JOSA B exhibits cutting-edge optics research from the region, fostering a sense of community and promoting collaboration among researchers.

Knowledge about human papillomavirus transmission and prevention among physicians in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil.

Objective: This study aimed to assess physicians' knowledge about human papillomavirus infection and its prevention.

Methods: Descriptive web-based survey with 15 objective questions targeted to physicians affiliated with the Regional Council of Medicine from Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Participants were invited by e-mail and the Council social networks, between January and December 2019.

Comparison between aerobic exercise training and enalapril treatment as tools to improve diet-induced metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: Effects on endoplasmic reticulum stress markers.

Aims: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress poses a new pathological mechanism for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). MAFLD treatment has encompassed renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers and aerobic exercise training, but their association with hepatic ER stress is not well known. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of hepatic RAS modulation by enalapril and/or aerobic exercise training over ER stress in MAFLD caused by a diet-induced obesity model.

Pharmacological evidence that GABA-induced relaxation of rat proximal duodenum longitudinal muscle depends on NKCC cotransporter activity and Ca influx.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in adult central nervous system (CNS) synapses, but it excites immature CNS neurons as well as neurons in the myenteric plexus. The present work aimed to determine whether GABA-induced nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) neuronal-mediated relaxation of the rat duodenum is dependent on the activity of Na K Cl cotransporters (NKCC) and requires calcium influx. In the presence of guanethidine (3 µmol/L), atropine (3 µmol/L), and indomethacin (1 µmol/L), relaxations induced by GABA (100 µmol/L), KCl (5-10 mmol/L) and electrical field stimulation (1-8 Hz, 2 ms, 60 V), but not those induced by bradykinin (10-100 nmol/L) were abolished by lidocaine (300 µmol/L).

Generation of innocents become enduring victims of a terrible war: Vulnerabilities of children and adolescents in Syria.

Estimates suggest that so far in 2021, about two children have died each week at Al Hol camp in northeast Syria. Current evidence states that more than 90% of children are under the age of 12, and that they face circumstances contrasting with severely restricted freedoms and human rights violations. They do not have access to clean water or adequate food.

Associations of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and related risk factors in a cohort of women living with HIV in a Brazilian countryside city.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with cervical abnormalities. People living with HIV are more susceptible to HPV. Campos dos Goytacazes implemented the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV) for women living with HIV (WLWH) in 2011, 4 years before the Brazilian public vaccination program.

Echoes of Global Silence: Is there protection and safety for Venezuelan children and adolescents?

As the crisis in Venezuela deepens, an increasing number of children urgently needs shelter, protection, and access to basic services, including food, medicine, clean water, and sanitation. Children and young people in transit are particularly at risk of criminal activity or being separated from their families. The consequences of the humanitarian crisis for children could be devastating for the country's future.

Inhibitory effect of Pyr6 (an Orai channel blocker) on agonist-induced contractions in rat uterus.

Aim: Both human and rat myometrium express stromal interaction molecule (STIM) and Orai/transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) proteins, which are components of plasma membrane Ca store-operated channels. There are reports that these proteins mediate agonist-induced Ca influx in cultured myometrial cells. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of Pyr6, an Orai channel blocker, on different agonist-induced contractions in isolated segments of rat uterus.

Endoscopic surgery versus open reduction treatment of mandibular condyle fractures: A meta-analysis.

The aim of the study was to compare open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) and endoscopic open reduction with internal fixation (EORIF) of condylar fractures (CF) in adults in terms of reducing both needing of reoperation and/or facial nerve injury. An electronic search was undertaken (PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and The Cochrane Library). The inclusion criteria were full text, published from their inception to June 2020, clinical trials, randomized or not, and retrospective studies, that compared ORIF and EORIF.

Low coherence-induced resonance in double-layer structures having parity-time symmetry.

We derive simple formulas for the transmittance and reflectance of Gaussian-Schell beams incident upon any stratified dielectric structure by using second-order classical coherence theory in the space-frequency picture. The formalism is applied to a particular structure consisting of a double layer, with balanced gain and loss, satisfying parity-time symmetry conditions. It is shown that sources with a low degree of spatial coherence, on the order of the wavelength, can induce large resonant peaks in the transmitted and reflected amplitudes.

Phytochemical screening, phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and cytogenotoxicity activities of Mart. (Combretaceae).

Mart. (Combretaceae), a shrub popularly known as mofumbo, is used in folk medicine for treatment of uterine bleeding, pertussis, gastric pain, and as a sedative. The aim of this study was to (1) determine the phytochemical profile,(2) identify chemical constituents and (3) examine antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts and fractions of stem bark and leaves.