Direct binding of Talin to Rap1 is required for cell-ECM adhesion in .

Attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) via integrins is essential for animal development and tissue maintenance. The cytoplasmic protein Talin (encoded by in flies) is necessary for linking integrins to the cytoskeleton, and its recruitment is a key step in the assembly of the adhesion complex. However, the mechanisms that regulate Talin recruitment to sites of adhesion are still not well understood.

Immediate effects of cryotherapy on static and dynamic balance.

Purpose/background: Cryotherapy is commonly used in physical therapy with many known benefits; however several investigations have reported decreased functional performance following therapeutic application thereof. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cryotherapy applied to the ankle on static and dynamic standing balance. It was hypothesized that balance would be decreased after cryotherapy application.

Sulfur volatiles from Allium spp. affect Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), response to citrus volatiles.

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, vectors Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus (Lam), the presumed causal agents of huanglongbing. D. citri generally rely on olfaction and vision for detection of host cues.

High-performance liquid chromatography for the characterization of carotenoids in the new sweet orange (Earlygold) grown in Florida, USA.

High-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection was developed for the separation and identification of carotenoids from a new sweet orange, Earlygold. Carotenoid pigments were extracted using hexane-acetone-ethanol and saponified using 10% methanolic potassium hydroxide. More than 25 carotenoid pigments were separated within 40 min using a ternary gradient (acetonitrile-methanol, methyl tert-butyl ether and water) elution on a C30 reversed-phase column.

Seasonal changes of carotenoid pigments and color in Hamlin, Earlygold, and budd blood orange juices.

The developmental patterns of carotenoids in Hamlin, Earlygold (an early-maturing selection), and Budd Blood sweet orange juices were studied during the September to mid-January period of the 1996-97 and 1997-98 seasons. The carotenoid concentration of Earlygold increased by as much as 4.9 times during the color development compared to 3.

Points of view on adverse drug reactions terminology.

Global management of drug safety data is the best way to make the detection and validation of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) earlier. Centralization needs a previous standardization, of which terminology is a crucial component. ADR terminology must be designed so as to enable users to know exactly what is covered by each term regarding the nature of the reaction and its significance for public health.

Serevent nationwide surveillance study: comparison of salmeterol with salbutamol in asthmatic patients who require regular bronchodilator treatment.

Objective: To compare safety of salmeterol and salbutamol in treating asthma.

Design: Double blind, randomised clinical trial in parallel groups over 16 weeks.

Setting: General practices throughout the United Kingdom.

Safety of ondansetron.

Ondansetron is a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used for the treatment of cytotoxic-induced emesis and postoperative nausea and vomiting. Safety data from volunteer studies, non-emesis development studies, studies in the treatment of cytotoxic-induced emesis and postoperative nausea and vomiting, and spontaneous case reports, all indicate that ondansetron is well tolerated and has an excellent safety profile. There are no known interactions of ondansetron with other drugs, and no interference with postoperative recovery.

Adverse drug reactions: scope and limitations of causality assessment and the use of algorithms.

Deciding whether a drug caused a particular unwanted event in a given patient, or at least what degree of probability attaches to the association, is a medically important issue. The elements in the case history which are most likely to determine the conclusion are well known and they are often employed instinctively by the experienced physician. It can be helpful to draw up a checklist of the factors to be borne in mind, and some workers have gone so far as to develop algorithms and apply mathematical principles to the issue Algorithms can be helpful in the individual patient but they are probably more trouble than they are worth if used routinely.

Weber-Christian disease producing splenic vein occlusion and bleeding gastric varices: successful treatment with sclerotherapy.

A 48 year old woman with intra-abdominal Weber-Christian disease presented with bleeding gastric varices and evidence of splenic vein occlusion. We describe the problems encountered in making this diagnosis and subsequent treatment.

International reporting on adverse drug reactions: the CIOMS project. CIOMS ADR Working Group.

A method for standardized postapproval adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting has been developed and implemented by seven multinational pharmaceutical manufacturers and six regulatory authorities. This is based on a set of uniform definitions, procedures and a single reporting form, and has been demonstrated to be useful and effective. When regulators and manufacturers develop requirements and systems for ADR reporting they should consider adapting this method.

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure breathing on lung volume and distensibility.

In this study the effects on lung elastic behavior of 10 min of breathing at a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 10 cmH2O were examined in 10 normal subjects. To investigate whether any changes were induced by release of prostaglandins, the subjects were also pretreated with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. CPAP produced a significant (P less than 0.

The effect of histamine challenge on platelet count and platelet activation.

There is conflicting evidence of platelet involvement in asthmatic bronchoconstriction. We sought direct evidence of platelet activation and indirect evidence of platelet sequestration following histamine challenge (HC) in 14 asthmatics and seven non asthmatic control subjects. Peripheral platelet counts and levels of beta thromboglobulin (BTG) were measured immediately before and following HC in the 21 subjects.

Paraurethral vaginal leiomyoma.

A case of paraurethral vaginal leiomyoma becoming clinically apparent in the postpartum period is presented. As is frequently the case, the diagnosis was not apparent. Urinary tract origin is commonly suspected, since the majority of these tumors occur in the midline of the anterior vaginal wall.

Perineal urethrostomy to facilitate gaining ureterorenoscopic length.

A simple method of gaining ureterorenoscopic length via a perineal urethrostomy and its use in an obese, 6-foot, 6-inch man with a suspected renal pathological condition is described.

Chronic balanitis owing to pemphigus vegetans.

Pemphigus is an autoimmune bullous dermatosis in which intercellular antibodies are associated with loss of intercellular cohesion. Pemphigus vegetans, a rare variant of pemphigus, is manifested by vegetating plaques, usually in intertriginous areas of patients who probably have an increased resistance to the disease. We report a case of chronic balanitis owing to pemphigus vegetans, and discuss proposed pathogenic mechanisms and treatment.