Fasting Compared With Fed and Oral Intake Before the 1-Hour Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of fasting compared with eating before the 1-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening results.

Methods: In a single-center, prospective randomized trial, participants were randomized to: 1) fasting for 6 or more hours or 2) oral intake ("fed") within 2 hours of the 50-g, 1-hour OGTT. The 1-hour OGTT was administered after 24 weeks of gestation.

Abortion as a Public Health Risk in COVID-19 Antiabortion Legislation.

During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, 12 states banned or restricted abortion access under elective-procedure restrictions. The rationale was preserving hospital capacity and personal protective equipment (PPE); however, abortions commonly take place in clinics and use less PPE than childbirth. This paper investigates the discursive construction of abortions, the people who get them, and the fetuses in this legislation.

Return to Football after a Cervical Disk Arthroplasty: A Case Report.

Introduction: Symptomatic cervical spine disk hernations in high-level athletes are traditionally treated with anterior cervical disk fusion (ACDF) after failed conservative management. Unfortunately, an ACDF comes with decreased mobility and only a return to sport 73.5% of the time.

The bovine foot skin microbiota is associated with host genotype and the development of infectious digital dermatitis lesions.

Background: Bovine Digital Dermatitis (BDD) is a prevalent infectious disease, causing painful foot skin lesions and lameness in cattle. We describe herein the bovine foot skin microbiota and its associations with BDD using 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing on samples from 259 dairy cows from three UK dairy farms.

Results: We show evidence of dysbiosis, and differences in taxonomy and functional profiles in the bovine foot skin microbiome of clinically healthy animals that subsequently develop BDD lesions, compared to those that do not.

Prenatal exposure to tailpipe and non-tailpipe tracers of particulate matter pollution and autism spectrum disorders.

Background: Traffic-related air pollution exposure is associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is unknown whether carbonaceous material from vehicular tailpipe emissions or redox-active non-tailpipe metals, eg. from tire and brake wear, are responsible.

Structural and metabolic correlates of neuropsychological profiles in multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease.

Background: Despite increased recognition of cognitive impairment in Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), its neuroanatomical correlates are not well defined. We aimed to explore cognitive profiles in MSA with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P) and Parkinson's disease (PD) and their relationship to frontostriatal structural and metabolic changes.

Methods: Detailed clinical and neuropsychological evaluation was performed together with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and [F]-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([F]-FDG-PET) in patients with MSA-P (n = 11) and PD (n = 11).

Impact of maternal factors, environmental factors, and race on necrotizing enterocolitis.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a complex disease with a multifactorial etiology. As the leading cause of intestinal morbidity and mortality among premature infants, many resources are being dedicated to neonatal care and molecular targets in the newborn intestine. However, NEC is heavily influenced by maternal and perinatal factors as well.

Social feasibility assessments in conservation translocations.

Improving the effectiveness of conservation translocations could contribute to reversing global biodiversity loss. Although evaluations of ecological factors affecting translocation outcomes are commonplace, consideration of human social factors remains rare, hindering improvements to this conservation practice. We analysed 550 translocation case studies to explore the inclusion of social factors in project feasibility assessments.

Beliefs and Perceived Barriers Regarding Psychedelic-assisted Therapy in a Pilot Study of Service Members and Veterans With a History of Traumatic Brain Injury.

Introduction: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are common in service members and veterans, and the response to currently available treatments is often modest at best. Recent studies suggest potential benefit with psychedelic-assisted therapies (PATs), particularly 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted therapy for PTSD and psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression. This study examined beliefs and perceived barriers regarding PAT among service members and veterans to inform the delivery of these treatments if they are approved by the FDA.

Advances in Imaging of Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Cancer in the Gastrointestinal Tract.

Gastrointestinal disease is prevalent and broad, manifesting itself in a variety of ways, including inflammation, fibrosis, infection, and cancer. However, historically, diagnostic technologies have exhibited limitations, especially with regard to diagnostic uncertainty. Despite development of newly emerging technologies such as optoacoustic imaging, many recent advancements have focused on improving upon pre-existing modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoscopy.

Associations of Autism Spectrum Disorder with PM Components: A Comparative Study Using Two Different Exposure Models.

This retrospective cohort study examined associations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with prenatal exposure to major fine particulate matter (PM) components estimated using two independent exposure models. The cohort included 318 750 mother-child pairs with singleton deliveries in Kaiser Permanente Southern California hospitals from 2001 to 2014 and followed until age five. ASD cases during follow-up ( = 4559) were identified by ICD codes.

Post-voided residual urine ratio as a predictor of bladder outlet obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: development of a clinical nomogram.

Purpose: To confirm the correlation between post-void residual urine ratio (PVR-R) and BOO diagnosed by pressure-flow studies (PFS) in males with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and to develop a clinical nomogram.

Methods: A consecutive series of patients aged 45 years or older with non-neurogenic LUTS were prospectively enrolled. Patients underwent standard diagnostic assessment for BOO including International Prostatic Symptoms Score, uroflowmetry, urodynamic studies, suprapubic ultrasound of the prostate, and ultrasound measurements of the bladder wall thickness (BTW).

Amyloid-β and APOE genotype predict memory decline in cognitively unimpaired older individuals independently of Alzheimer's disease polygenic risk score.

Background: What combination of risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are most predictive of cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired individuals remains largely unclear. We studied associations between APOE genotype, AD-Polygenic Risk Scores (AD-PRS), amyloid-β pathology and decline in cognitive functioning over time in a large sample of cognitively unimpaired older individuals.

Methods: We included 276 cognitively unimpaired older individuals (75 ± 10 years, 63% female) from the EMIF-AD PreclinAD cohort.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in people with versus without type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise the study findings on whether GLP-1 secretion in response to a meal tolerance test is affected by the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The influence of putative moderators such as age, sex, meal type, meal form, and assay type were also explored.

Methods: A literature search identified 32 relevant studies.

Perinatal Women's Views of Pharmacist-Delivered Perinatal Depression Screening: A Qualitative Study.

Internationally, 20% of women experience perinatal depression (PND). Healthcare providers including general practitioners and midwives are critical in providing PND screening and support; however, the current workforce is unable to meet growing demands for PND care. As accessible and trusted primary healthcare professionals, pharmacists could provide PND care to complement existing services, thereby contributing to early detection and intervention.

Reductive NO Coupling at Dicopper Center via a [Cu(NO)] Diamond-Core Intermediate.

Treatment of a dicopper(I,I) complex with excess amounts of NO leads to the formation of a dicopper dinitrosyl [Cu(NO)] complex capable of (i) releasing two equivalents of NO reversibly in 90% yield and (ii) reacting with another equivalent of NO to afford NO and dicopper nitrosyl oxo species [Cu(NO)(O)]. Resonance Raman characterization of the [Cu(NO)] complex shows a N-sensitive N═O stretch at 1527.6 cm and two Cu-N stretches at 390.

A qualitative study of financial concerns of mothers' of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Parents have long been concerned with the transition to adulthood of their children with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) particularly with financial issues. The purpose of this study was to explore the financial concerns of mothers of adults with IDD. Five mothers of adults with IDD participated in a focus group to share their experiences, opinions, concerns, and challenges related to finances.

Respiratory-related evoked potentials in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and healthy aging.

Altered neural processing and increased respiratory sensations have been reported in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as larger respiratory-related evoked potentials (RREPs), but the effect of healthy-aging has not been considered adequately. We tested RREPs evoked by brief airway occlusions in 10 participants with moderate-to-severe COPD, 11 age-matched controls (AMC) and 14 young controls (YC), with similar airway occlusion pressure stimuli across groups. Mean age was 76 years for COPD and AMC groups, and 30 years for the YC group.

Impact of wideband cardiac magnetic resonance on diagnosis, decision-making and outcomes in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators.

Aims: Although myocardial scar assessment using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is frequently indicated for patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), metal artefact can degrade image quality. With the new wideband technique designed to mitigate device related artefact, CMR is increasingly used in this population. However, the common clinical indications for CMR referral and impact on clinical decision-making and prognosis are not well defined.

A Value-centered Exploration of Data Privacy and Personalized Privacy Assistants.

In the current post-GDPR landscape, privacy notices have become ever more prevalent on our phones and online. However, these notices are not well suited to their purpose of helping users make informed decisions. I suggest that instead of utilizing notice to elicit informed consent, we could repurpose privacy notices to create the space for more meaningful, value-centered user decisions.

Utopia versus dystopia: Professional perspectives on the impact of healthcare artificial intelligence on clinical roles and skills.

Background: Alongside the promise of improving clinical work, advances in healthcare artificial intelligence (AI) raise concerns about the risk of deskilling clinicians. This purpose of this study is to examine the issue of deskilling from the perspective of diverse group of professional stakeholders with knowledge and/or experiences in the development, deployment and regulation of healthcare AI.

Methods: We conducted qualitative, semi-structured interviews with 72 professionals with AI expertise and/or professional or clinical expertise who were involved in development, deployment and/or regulation of healthcare AI.

Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron co-infections and recombination.

Background: Between November 2021 and February 2022, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta and Omicron variants co-circulated in the United States, allowing for co-infections and possible recombination events.

Methods: We sequenced 29,719 positive samples during this period and analyzed the presence and fraction of reads supporting mutations specific to either the Delta or Omicron variant.

Findings: We identified 18 co-infections, one of which displayed evidence of a low Delta-Omicron recombinant viral population.