Publications by authors named "CARMONA J"

The origin, the phylogeographical structure and divergence times of hybridrogenetic Squalius alburnoides complex were analysed based on the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1140 pb). The molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that the S. alburnoides complex has at least five asexual lineages of independent origin.

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Patients with pulmonary embolism and right ventricle dysfunction (determined with clinical, hemodynamic or echocardiographic methods) are a subgroup at high risk for complications. One of the pathogenic factors of right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary embolism is myocardial ischemia, usually secondary to hemodynamic overload, and sometimes worsened by underlying coronary artery disease. We described a patient with pulmonary embolism and dyskinesia of the right ventricular free wall, related to chronic atherosclerotic occlusion of the right coronary artery proximal to the acute marginal branches that irrigate the free wall.

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Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte levels are influenced by level of regional endemicity, the antimalarial treatment, and the therapeutic response of patients. Few previous studies have related these factors in Colombia. Here, gametocytaemia was evaluated with respect to two treatment schemes (sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine plus chloroquine), the patient response (adequate or failure), and the locality (two areas of varying case frequency).

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High resistance of Plasmodium falciparum malaria to chloroquine poses malaria as a major public health problem in Colombia. In this context, the therapeutic response of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria patients to chloroquine (CQ), sulfadoxine/pirymethamine (SDXP) and combined therapy (SDXP/CQ) was evaluated according to the WHO/PAHO protocols of 1998.

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The physical origin of the backbendings in the equations of state of finite but not necessarily small systems is studied in the Ising model with fixed magnetization (IMFM) by means of the topological properties of the observable distributions and the analysis of the largest cluster with increasing lattice size. Looking at the convexity anomalies of the IMFM thermodynamic potential, it is shown that the order of the transition at the thermodynamic limit can be recognized in finite systems independently of the lattice size. General statistical mechanics arguments and analytical calculations suggest that the backbending in the caloric curve is a transient behavior which should not converge to a plateau in the thermodynamic limit, while the first-order transition (in the Ehrenfest sense) is still signaled by a discontinuity in the magnetization equation of state.

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Origins and biogeography of the chub, genus Squalius (formerly within the genus Leuciscus), in the Iberian Peninsula were inferred from comparison between patterns of geographic distribution and phylogenetic relationships among populations belonging to 14 European Squalius species. The phylogeny recovered was based on the complete sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Squalius species were grouped into three major clades.

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The intramyocardial dissecting haematoma is an unusual rupture of the left ventricular wall, complicating acute myocardial infarction. The mechanism is an hemorrhagic dissection among the spiral myocardial fibres creating a neocavitation limited by the myocardium. It appears in 9% of left ventricular wall ruptures, complicating acute myocardial infarction.

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From the aerial parts of Cissampelos pareira L. (Menispermaceae), a chalcone-flavone dimer has been isolated which, mainly from NMR spectroscopic and MS data, was proved to be 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-furano[3,2-g]benzopyran-4-one. This has been assigned the trivial name cissampeloflavone.

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Objective: To determine whether the presence of orthostatic hypotension--which, in this age-group, could be due to varying degrees of autonomic dysfunction--is an indicator of nocturnal arterial hypertension.

Patients: Between 1999 and 2001 we prospectively and consecutively studied 93 elderly patients with untreated (office) arterial hypertension, 65 (70%) of whom were true hypertensives according to 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).

Interventions: The patients were studied by clinical examination including blood pressure (BP) measurement in dorsal decubitus and orthostatic position, 24 h ABPM, evaluation of vascular distensibility by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and Doppler echocardiography.

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The population structure of Plasmodium falciparum has been widely studied in diverse epidemiological contexts, but emphasis has been made in regions with high and stable transmission. In order to establish the genetic structure of P. falciparum in areas of Colombia with different degree of endemicity, we studied 100 samples from malaria patients of two different municipalities.

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Mutations in the DYT1 gene cause idiopathic torsion dystonia (ITD) transmitted in families as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. The most common mutation, 946delGAG, has been observed in populations with different ethnic and geographic origins. We have investigated 40 individuals from 22 unrelated families with ITD originating from the Land of Valencia, Spain, for the presence of this mutation and we found 5 patients and 6 unaffected subjects from 4 families who were carriers of the mutation.

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As we move into the 21st century, information about sex is widespread and more accessible to the general public than ever before. This interest in sex also increases the focus on symptoms and patterns associated with sexual problems. However, the etiology of sexual dysfunction is multifaceted and poorly understood.

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Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation is that which is produced in the absence of structural cardiac disease and of other identifiable causes of ventricular fibrillation such as cardiotoxicity, electrolytical alterations or hereditary predisposition. The case of a healthy male, aged 37, who was asymptomatic until the day he was admitted to hospital where he showed numerous episodes of ventricular fibrillation without any previous triggering, is discussed. In the examination no cause was found to explain this, and an automatic defibrillator was implanted.

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A descriptive study was carried out in 104 patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria, from the region of Turbo (Antioquia, Colombia). Clinical features and levels of hemoglobin, glycemia, serum bilirubin, alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), creatinine and complete blood cell profile were established. 65% of the studied individuals were men and their mean age was 23.

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Diosgenone is a major component of the hexane extract from the plant Solanum nudum (Solanaceae). The products from degraded and acetylated diosgenone that showed in vitro antimalarial activity against the FCB-2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum and methanol, dichloromethane and ethereal extracts of Solanum nudum were tested for their mutagenic activity using the Ames test with the TA-97a, TA-98, TA-100 and TA-102 strains of Salmonella typhimurium. These compounds were not mutagenic at the tested concentrations.

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The capacity of Optimal to diagnose malaria was compared with the thick smear test in two representative samples, one with acute febrile syndrome (AFS) n = 107, and another diagnosed by thick smear test (AFS + M) n = 82. The samples were chosen from patients at the malaria diagnostic clinic in Turbo, Antioquia, Colombia, between June and August 2000. The study was designed to be descriptive, prospective, and cross-sectional.

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Aim: To compare oxidative stress in adults with non-complicated malaria and healthy controls.

Methodology: We measured malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX). Oxidative stress was calculated based on MDA/TAS, MDA/GSH-PX and SOD/catalase indexes.

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The phylogenetic relationships and haplotype diversity of all Iberian barbels were examined by analyzing the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence (1141 bp) of 72 specimens from 59 Iberian localities. Phylogenetic findings demonstrated a clear distinction between two mitochondrial lineages and confirmed the existence of two previously considered subgenera: Barbus and Luciobarbus: The first subgenus, Barbus, is represented on the Iberian Peninsula by Barbus haasi and Barbus meridionalis. The second subgenus, Luciobarbus, includes the remaining endemic Iberian species: Barbus comizo, Barbus bocagei, Barbus microcephalus, Barbus sclateri, Barbus guiraonis, and Barbus graellsii.

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Background: The response of plasma cholesterol to diet is modulated by endogenous and exogenous factors such as body mass, tobacco consumption, gender and the genetic background. Our purpose was to know whether the response degree depends on the concentration of cholesterol prior to the intervention and whether several polymorphisms modulating the cholesterol response to diet are actually involved in such response.

Patients And Method: Seventy two males with hypercholesterolemia were administered three different 4-weeks duration diets.

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The authors describe two cases of pulmonary hypertension (PHT). In the first case it is secondary to pulmonary thromboembolism, a frequent and serious occurrence, witch is well known as a cause of PHT. In the second case the PHT is probably secondary to infection by human immunodeficiency virus, also a serious and frequent condition in clinical practice but which was only recently identified as a cause of PHT.

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Objectives: We investigated history of abuse and other HIV-related risk factors in a community sample of 490 HIV-positive and HIV-negative African American, European American, and Latina women.

Methods: Baseline interviews were analyzed, and logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of risk for positive HIV serostatus overall and by racial/ethnic group.

Results: Race/ethnicity was not an independent predictor of HIV-related risk, and few racial/ethnic differences in risk factors for HIV were seen.

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Objective: To explore some relationships among immunity, nutrition, and malaria in a group of children from a population with a high endemic incidence of malaria.

Methods: This pilot descriptive prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in 1998 in the municipality of El Bagre, Antioquia, Colombia. Both boys and girls were studied in two groups: one group of 51 children had malaria and another group of 49 did not have malaria.

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Resistance to antimalarials has been widely reported and constitutes a major problem around the world. In Colombia, resistance of P. falciparum to chloroquine has been reported as 47%-97%, to amodiaquine 3%-7% and to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine as 9%-13%.

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The plant Solanum nudum has been used by the community of Tumaco (Nariño, Colombia) as a cure for malaria. Our group has confirmed the in vitro antimalarial activity against the strain of Plasmodium falciparum FCB-2. During our in vivo studies on the therapeutic effect of Solanum nudum extracts on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei, we observed yellowish tint in the palms of mice treated with the aqueous extract via i.

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The molecular divergence and phylogenetic relationships of the Iberian populations of Aphanius iberus were established using allozymes and the complete cytochrome b gene sequence. Congruent results were found with both nuclear and mitochondrial molecular markers. The Mediterranean and Atlantic populations are clearly differentiated into two independent lineages.

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