Facile synthesis of 1,2-aminoalcohols α-C-H aminoalkylation of alcohols by photoinduced hydrogen-atom transfer catalysis.

1,2-Aminoalcohols are common motifs found in a wide range of natural products and pharmaceutical compounds. Here we report a photocatalytic method for the direct conversion of readily available aliphatic alcohols into synthetically valuable 1,2-aminoalcohols. A dual catalytic system consisting of an acridinium photoredox catalyst and a cationic hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) catalyst based on 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.

A fast and inexpensive genotyping system for the simultaneous analysis of human and Aedes albopictus short tandem repeats.

Background: Determination of the interactions between hematophagous mosquitoes and their human hosts is of great importance for better understanding the transmission dynamics of mosquito-borne arboviruses and developing effective strategies to mitigate risk. Genetic analysis of human and mosquito DNA can play a key role in this, but commercial kits for human short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping are expensive and do not allow for the simultaneous STR analysis of host and vector DNA. Here, we present an inexpensive and straightforward STR-loci multiplex system capable of simultaneously amplifying Aedes albopictus and human STRs from blood-fed mosquitoes.

Catalytic direct hydrocarboxylation of styrenes with CO and H.

A three-component hydrocarboxylation of an olefin with CO and H could be regarded as a dream reaction, since it would provide a straightforward approach for the synthesis of aliphatic carboxylic acids in perfect atom economy. However, this transformation has not been realized in a direct manner under mild conditions, because boosting the carboxylation with thermodynamically stable CO while suppressing the rapid hydrogenation of olefin remains a challenging task. Here, we report a rhodium-catalysed reductive hydrocarboxylation of styrene derivatives with CO and H under mild conditions, in which H served as the terminal reductant.

New insights on patterns of genetic admixture and phylogeographic history in Iberian high mountain populations of midwife toads.

Multiple Quaternary glacial refugia in the Iberian Peninsula, commonly known as "refugia within refugia", allowed diverging populations to come into contact and admix, potentially boosting substantial mito-nuclear discordances. In this study, we employ a comprehensive set of mitochondrial and nuclear markers to shed light onto the drivers of geographical differentiation in Iberian high mountain populations of the midwife toads Alytes obstetricans and A. almogavarii from the Pyrenees, Picos de Europa and Guadarrama Mountains.

Multiple invasions, Wolbachia and human-aided transport drive the genetic variability of Aedes albopictus in the Iberian Peninsula.

The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is one of the most invasive species in the world. Native to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia, over the past 30 years it has rapidly spread throughout tropical and temperate regions of the world. Its dramatic expansion has resulted in public health concerns as a consequence of its vector competence for at least 16 viruses.

Rhodium-Catalyzed meta-Selective C-H Carboxylation Reaction of 1,1-Diarylethylenes via Hydrorhodation-Rhodium Migration.

A meta-selective C-H carboxylation reaction of 1,1-diarylethylene derivatives with CO by using a rhodium catalyst with NaO Pr as a stoichiometric reductant has been achieved. Together with hydrogenation of the ethylene moiety, a carboxyl group was introduced to the meta-position of the aryl ring with high selectivity over the ortho-positions. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies indicate that this carboxylation reaction proceeds via hydrorhodation on the ethylene moiety, followed by 1,4-rhodium migration and successive 1,2-rhodium migration on the aryl ring.

Palladium-Catalyzed Visible-Light-Driven Carboxylation of Aryl and Alkenyl Triflates by Using Photoredox Catalysts.

A visible-light-driven carboxylation of aryl and alkenyl triflates with CO is developed by using a combination of Pd and photoredox catalysts. This reaction proceeds under mild conditions and can be applied to a wide range of substrates including acyclic alkenyl triflates.

Involvement of mitochondrial haplogroups in myocardial infarction and stroke: A case-control study in Castile and Leon (Spain) population.

There are strong evidences that common mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups may influence the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this matched case-control study, we investigate the association between mtDNA haplogroups and two CVDs, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, and classical cardiovascular risk factors. Data obtained show that haplogroup H constitute a susceptibility risk factor for MI (p=0.

Photocatalytic Transfer Hydrogenolysis of Allylic Alcohols on Pd/TiO : A Shortcut to (S)-(+)-Lavandulol.

We report herein a regio- and stereoselective photocatalytic hydrogenolysis of allylic alcohols to form unsaturated hydrocarbons employing a palladium(II)-loaded titanium oxide; the reaction proceeds at room temperature under light irradiation without stoichiometric generation of salt wastes. Olefin and saturated alcohol moieties tolerated the reaction conditions. Hydrogen atoms were selectively incorporated into less sterically congested carbons of the allylic functionalities.

N-methylation of amines with methanol at room temperature.

N-Methylation of amines with methanol proceeds at room temperature in the presence of a silver-loaded titanium dioxide (Ag/TiO2) photocatalyst under UV-vis light irradiation. This method allows facile synthesis/isolation of N-methylamines bearing various functional groups including N-benzyl, N-allyl, N-Boc, hydroxyl, ether, acetal, carboxamide, formamide, and olefin groups.

Nucleophile-catalyzed additions to activated triple bonds. Protection of lactams, imides, and nucleosides with MocVinyl and related groups.

Additions of lactams, imides, (S)-4-benzyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one, 2-pyridone, pyrimidine-2,4-diones (AZT derivatives), or inosines to the electron-deficient triple bonds of methyl propynoate, tert-butyl propynoate, 3-butyn-2-one, N-propynoylmorpholine, or N-methoxy-N-methylpropynamide in the presence of many potential catalysts were examined. DABCO and, second, DMAP appeared to be the best (highest reaction rates and E/Z ratios), while RuCl3, RuClCp*(PPh3)2, AuCl, AuCl(PPh3), CuI, and Cu2(OTf)2 were incapable of catalyzing such additions. The groups incorporated (for example, the 2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethenyl group that we name MocVinyl) serve as protecting groups for the above-mentioned heterocyclic CONH or CONHCO moieties.

(15)N Double-labeled guanosine from inosine through ring-opening-ring-closing and one-pot Pd-catalyzed C-O and C-N cross-coupling reactions.

[N,1-(15)N(2)]-Guanosine, or [1,NH(2)-(15)N(2)]-guanosine, and derivatives were prepared from tri-O-acetylinosine, via N-nitration and reaction with (15)NH(2)OH, followed by conversion of the (15)N-labeled 1-hydroxyinosine to the corresponding 2,6-dichloropurine riboside. The sequential one-pot C-O and C-N key couplings of this dichloro derivative with PhCH(2)OH and PhCO(15)NH(2) or (i)PrCO(15)NH(2) was achieved in good overall yields, with Pd(0)-Xantphos as the best choice of five different catalytic systems examined.

Effect of tiazofurin on tomato plants infected with tomato spotted wilt virus.

Tiazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide) was examined for its activity against tomato-spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in tomato plants. Solutions containing 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/l of the drug were sprayed onto the leaves. The results showed that 100 and 200 mg/l were the most efficient concentrations to suppress TSWV infection, thereby delaying the appearance of systemic symptoms.

Effect of virazole (ribavirin) on tomato spotted wilt virus in two systemic hosts, tomato and tobacco.

Virazole (1, beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide = Ribavirin), a synthetic nucleoside analogue, has been successfully used against tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in tomato and tobacco plants. In tomato, the most efficient concentration to control TSWW was 500 mg/l while in tobacco, concentrations of 100 mg/l were sufficient to control systemic infection. When the plants did not show a systemic reaction virus could not be recovered from inoculated and treated tomato and tobacco plants by means of the local lesion assay.

Inhibitory effect of virazole (ribavirin) on the replication of tomato white necrosis virus (VNBT).

Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) inoculated with tomato white necrosis virus (VNBT) and treated with Virazole (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl--1, 2, 4-triazole-3-carboxamide) at a concentration of 500 mg/l developed systemic virus symptoms in only 40 per cent of the plants in which a remarkable reduction in virus concentration was also observed. From inoculated and Virazole-treated plants which had produced no symptoms, no virus could be recovered.