Global assessment of military and civilian trauma systems integration: a scoping review.

Background: The global burden of trauma disproportionately affects low-income countries and middle-income countries (LMIC), with variability in trauma systems between countries. Military and civilian healthcare systems have a shared interest in building trauma capacity for use during peace and war. However, in LMICs it is largely unknown if and how these entities work together.

Indicators for the evaluation of musculoskeletal trauma systems: A scoping review and Delphi study.

Background: Trauma is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. Musculoskeletal trauma results in the majority of post-traumatic morbidity and disability globally. The literature has reported many performance indicators relating to trauma care, but few specific to musculoskeletal injuries.

Development of a Medical Complexity Score for Pediatric Aerodigestive Patients.

Objective: To develop a complexity scoring system to characterize the diverse population served in pediatric aerodigestive clinics and help predict their treatment outcomes.

Study Design: A 7-point medical complexity score was developed through an iterative group consensus of relative stakeholders to capture the spectrum of comorbidities among the aerodigestive population. One point was assigned for each comorbid diagnosis in the following categories: airway anomaly, neurologic, cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal, genetic diagnoses, and prematurity.

Reviewing the Literature on the Impact of Gun Violence on Early Childhood Development.

Purpose Of Review: To examine the impacts of gun violence on early childhood development including early childhood mental health, cognitive development, and the assessment and treatment of survivors.

Recent Findings: The literature reflects that gun violence exposure is often associated with significant mental health outcomes including anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and depression in older youth. Historically, studies have focused on adolescents and their exposures to gun violence through proximity to gun violence within their communities, neighborhoods, and schools.

Developing Consensus on Priority Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Conditions and Procedures.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop an international expert consensus on priority pediatric otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) conditions and procedures for which all national health systems globally should be capable of managing.

Study Design: The Delphi method is a multiround online questionnaire and was administered internationally to otolaryngologists with a focus on pediatric populations. This study was administered in parallel to a Delphi survey focusing on adult OHNS conditions amongst adult otolaryngology experts.

Military and Civilian Trauma System Integration: A Global Case Series.

Introduction: Traumatic injury is a leading cause of morbidity globally, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). In high-income countries (HICs), it is well documented that military and civilian integration can positively impact trauma care in both healthcare systems, but it is unknown if this synergy could benefit LMICs. This case series examines the variety of integration between the civilian and military systems of various countries and international partnerships to elucidate if there are commonalities in facilitators and barriers.

Medical disaster response: A critical analysis of the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

Introduction: On January 12, 2010, a 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck the Republic of Haiti. The human cost was enormous-an estimated 316,000 people were killed, and a further 300,000 were injured.

Metallic mangroves: Sediments and in situ diffusive gradients in thin films (DGTs) reveal Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. lives with high contamination near a lead‑zinc smelter in South Australia.

From 1889, aerial emissions and effluent from a coastal lead‑zinc smelter at Port Pirie, South Australia, have led to the accumulation of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) in the surrounding marine environment. Despite this, extensive stands of grey mangrove (Avicennia marina) inhabit coastal areas at Port Pirie, right up to the smelter's boundary. To understand the contamination level the mangroves are living in there, elemental concentrations were measured in mangrove sediments, leaves, pneumatophores and fruits at sites 0.

Feasibility and accuracy of laryngeal ultrasound for the assessment of vocal cord mobility in children.

Objective: Transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasonography has been utilized to document vocal cord mobility in the adult perioperative thyroidectomy setting with variable success. The aims of this study were to assess the feasibility of using transcutaneous ultrasound in vocal cord visualization in children, to determine the accuracy in detecting vocal cord immobility compare to flexible laryngoscopy, and to identify any barriers that may affect its utility.

Methods: This is a prospective blinded-assessor study.

Density of Health Workforce Correlates to Disease Outcomes: Evidence From Global Data in Otolaryngology.

Objective: To better understand the impact of the otolaryngology-specific workforce on the burden of related diseases.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of existing workforce density data as compared with the incidence, mortality, and morbidity data for 4 otolaryngologic diseases.

Setting: An overall 138 countries with known otolaryngology-head and neck surgery workforce and epidemiologic data.

Delphi Method Consensus on Priority Global Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Conditions and Procedures.

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop an international expert consensus on priority otolaryngology-head and neck surgery conditions and procedures globally for which national health systems should be capable of caring.

Study Design: The Delphi method was employed via a multiround online survey administered to attending otolaryngologists in an international research collaborative of >180 otolaryngologists in >40 countries.

Setting: International online survey.

Extrachromosomal DNA in HPV-Mediated Oropharyngeal Cancer Drives Diverse Oncogene Transcription.

Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a major role in oncogenesis and circular extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is found in many cancers. However, the relationship between HPV and circular ecDNA in human cancer is not understood.

Experimental Design: Forty-four primary tumor tissue samples were obtained from a cohort of patients with HPV-positive oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).

World Health Assembly 73: A Step Forward for Global Surgery.

Member States at this year's World Health Assembly 73 (WHA73), held virtually for the first time due to the COVID-19 pandemic, passed multiple resolutions that must be considered when framing efforts to strengthen surgical systems. Surgery has been a relatively neglected field in the global health landscape due to its nature as a cross-cutting treatment rather than focusing on a specific disease or demographic. However, in recent years, access to essential and emergency surgical, obstetric, and anesthesia care has gained increasing recognition as a vital aspect of global health.

Enzymatic response to cadmium by : A preliminary investigation.

This paper aims to develop our understanding of the effect of cadmium (Cd) on , a recently identified potential Cd hyperaccumulator. plants were exposed to three concentrations of Cd (20, 60 and 90 mg/kg) and were sampled at two timepoints (one and seven days) to investigate the stress response of to Cd. Cd can induce oxidative stress in plants, triggering overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

PI Prob: A risk prediction and clinical guidance system for evaluating patients with recurrent infections.

Background: Primary immunodeficiency diseases represent an expanding set of heterogeneous conditions which are difficult to recognize clinically. Diagnostic rates outside of the newborn period have not changed appreciably. This concern underscores a need for novel methods of disease detection.

Visualizing and assessing US county-level COVID19 vulnerability.

Background: Like most of the world, the United States' public health and economy are impacted by the COVID19 pandemic. However, discrete pandemic effects may not be fully realized on the macro-scale. With this perspective, our goal is to visualize spread of the pandemic and measure county-level features which may portend vulnerability.

Infection Phenotypes Among Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiency Mined from a US Patient Registry.

Purpose: Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) affect immune system development and/or function, increase infection susceptibility, and cause dysregulation or both. Recognition of PID requires assessment about the normal state of infection frequency and microbiology. To help clarify infection characteristics, we use data mined from the US Immunodeficiency Network (USIDNET) registry among primary antibody deficiency (PAD) patients before diagnosis.

A Comparison of Intracranial Volume Growth in Normal Children and Patients With Metopic Craniosynostosis.

Background: The impact of metopic craniosynostosis on intracranial volume (ICV) and ICV growth is unclear. In addition, the relationship between head circumference (HC) and ICV in these patients is not previously described.

Methods: A retrospective review of 72 patients with metopic craniosynostosis was performed.

A Study to Evaluate Change in Ventricular Volume Obtained by Cranial Distraction for Craniosynostosis.

Background: The aims of the current analysis were to study the change in ventricular volume (VV) obtained with cranial distraction in patients with craniosynostosis and compare it with the change in total intracranial volume (ICV) and brain volume.

Methods: After institutional review board approval, a retrospective review was performed on patients undergoing cranial distraction over a 5-year period. GE Healthcare AdW 4.

Can Head Circumference Be Used as a Proxy for Intracranial Volume in Patients With Craniosynostosis?

Background: Calculation of intracranial volume from neuroimaging can be complex and time consuming. In the adult population, there is evidence suggesting that owing to its strong correlation, head circumference (HC) may be used as a surrogate for intracranial volume (ICV). We were interested in studying the correlation between HC and ICV in patients with craniosynostosis.