NSAID Allergy Labels Associated With Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Stroke.

Background: Mislabeled drug allergy can restrict future prescriptions and medication use, but its prevalence and impact among patients with stroke remain unknown. This study investigated the prevalence of the most commonly labeled drug allergies, their accuracy, and their impact among patients with stroke.

Methods: In this combined longitudinal and cross-sectional study, we compared the prevalence of allergy labels among the general population and patients with ischemic stroke between 2008 and 2014 from electronic health care records in Hong Kong.

Corneal Endothelial Morphology and Ocular Biometric Indexes in Premature Children With and Without Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) morphology and ocular biometrics in premature (PM) children with or without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods: Retrospective data on patient demographics, HCECs status, and ocular biometrics with at least 2 visits between 2016 and 2021 were reviewed. The main outcomes were endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (CV), hexagonal cell ratio (HEX), central corneal thickness (CCT), axial length, anterior chamber depth, keratometry, corneal diameter, pupil diameter, and refraction status.

Are Macula or Optic Nerve Head Structures Better at Diagnosing Glaucoma? An Answer Using Artificial Intelligence and Wide-Field Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: We wanted to develop a deep-learning algorithm to automatically segment optic nerve head (ONH) and macula structures in three-dimensional (3D) wide-field optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans and to assess whether 3D ONH or macula structures (or a combination of both) provide the best diagnostic power for glaucoma.

Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was performed using 319 OCT scans of glaucoma eyes and 298 scans of nonglaucoma eyes. Scans were compensated to improve deep-tissue visibility.

Methylation of KRAS by SETD7 promotes KRAS degradation in non-small cell lung cancer.

Oncogenic KRAS mutations are a key driver for initiation and progression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, how post-translational modifications (PTMs) of KRAS, especially methylation, modify KRAS activity remain largely unclear. Here, we show that SET domain containing histone lysine methyltransferase 7 (SETD7) interacts with KRAS and methylates KRAS at lysines 182 and 184.

GMP Manufacturing and IND-Enabling Studies of a Recombinant Hyperimmune Globulin Targeting SARS-CoV-2.

Conventionally, hyperimmune globulin drugs manufactured from pooled immunoglobulins from vaccinated or convalescent donors have been used in treating infections where no treatment is available. This is especially important where multi-epitope neutralization is required to prevent the development of immune-evading viral mutants that can emerge upon treatment with monoclonal antibodies. Using microfluidics, flow sorting, and a targeted integration cell line, a first-in-class recombinant hyperimmune globulin therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2 (GIGA-2050) was generated.

Paradoxical mortality of high estimated glomerular filtration rate reversed by 24-h urine creatinine excretion rate adjustment: sarcopenia matters.

Background: Muscle wasting may explain the paradoxical mortality of patients with high estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) derived from equation methods. However, empirical evidence and solutions remain insufficient.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we compared the performance of equation methods for predicting all-cause mortality; we used 24-h creatinine clearance (24-h CrCl), equation-based eGFRs, and a new eGFR estimating equation weighting for population 24-h urine creatinine excretion rate (U-CER).

Novel Variations in the Gene Causing X-Linked Intellectual Disability.

Background And Objectives: To investigate the pathogenicity of 2 novel variations, report the clinical and neuroimaging findings, and review the available literature.

Methods: Physical examinations, structural neuroimaging studies, and exome sequence analysis were performed. KDM5C constructs were used to study the effect of the variations in transfected cells.

The impact of COVID-19 and the restoration of tuberculosis services in the Western Pacific Region.

https://bit.ly/3bHDQx0

De novo protein design enables the precise induction of RSV-neutralizing antibodies.

De novo protein design has been successful in expanding the natural protein repertoire. However, most de novo proteins lack biological function, presenting a major methodological challenge. In vaccinology, the induction of precise antibody responses remains a cornerstone for next-generation vaccines.

Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of leaves as a catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction.

In this study, biomimetic Mg-N -C from leaves were mixed with carbon black (L/C catalyst), in which the mixture was treated by a conventional microwave oven at 700 W and 2 min, exhibiting high catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). By using a microwave-assisted process, it not only offers a cheaper and faster way to synthesize the catalyst compared to the conventional furnace process but also avoids the decomposition of the N-structure. Using the optimized conditions, the L/C catalyst exhibits an electron transfer number of 3.

Identification of Racial Inequities in Access to Specialized Inpatient Heart Failure Care at an Academic Medical Center.

Background: Racial inequities for patients with heart failure (HF) have been widely documented. HF patients who receive cardiology care during a hospital admission have better outcomes. It is unknown whether there are differences in admission to a cardiology or general medicine service by race.

A Trial of a Shorter Regimen for Rifampin-Resistant Tuberculosis.

Background: Cohort studies in Bangladesh showed promising cure rates among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis who received existing drugs in regimens shorter than that recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2011.

Methods: We conducted a phase 3 noninferiority trial in participants with rifampin-resistant tuberculosis that was susceptible to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. Participants were randomly assigned, in a 2:1 ratio, to receive a short regimen (9 to 11 months) that included high-dose moxifloxacin or a long regimen (20 months) that followed the 2011 WHO guidelines.

Tissue distribution and subcellular localizations determine in vivo functional relationship among prostasin, matriptase, HAI-1, and HAI-2 in human skin.

The membrane-bound serine proteases prostasin and matriptase and the Kunitz-type protease inhibitors HAI-1 and HAI-2 are all expressed in human skin and may form a tightly regulated proteolysis network, contributing to skin pathophysiology. Evidence from other systems, however, suggests that the relationship between matriptase and prostasin and between the proteases and the inhibitors can be context-dependent. In this study the in vivo zymogen activation and protease inhibition status of matriptase and prostasin were investigated in the human skin.

Magnetic Susceptibility from Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Can Differentiate New Enhancing from Nonenhancing Multiple Sclerosis Lesions without Gadolinium Injection.

Background And Purpose: Magnetic susceptibility values of multiple sclerosis lesions increase as they change from gadolinium-enhancing to nonenhancing. Can susceptibility values measured on quantitative susceptibility mapping without gadolinium injection be used to identify the status of lesion enhancement in surveillance MR imaging used to monitor patients with MS?

Materials And Methods: In patients who had prior MR imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping in a current MR imaging, new T2-weighted lesions were evaluated for enhancement on conventional T1-weighted imaging with gadolinium, and their susceptibility values were measured on quantitative susceptibility mapping. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of using quantitative susceptibility mapping in distinguishing new gadolinium-enhancing from new nonenhancing lesions.

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and R2* Measured Changes during White Matter Lesion Development in Multiple Sclerosis: Myelin Breakdown, Myelin Debris Degradation and Removal, and Iron Accumulation.

Background And Purpose: Quantitative susceptibility mapping and R2* are sensitive to myelin and iron changes in multiple sclerosis lesions. This study was designed to characterize lesion changes on quantitative susceptibility mapping and R2* at various gadolinium-enhancement stages.

Materials And Methods: This study included 64 patients with MS with different enhancing patterns in white matter lesions: nodular, shell-like, nonenhancing < 1 year old, and nonenhancing 1-3 years old.

Loss-of-Function SCN5A Mutations Associated With Sinus Node Dysfunction, Atrial Arrhythmias, and Poor Pacemaker Capture.

Background: Cardiac device implantation can be complicated by inability to adequately place leads because of significant lead capture issues. This study sought to determine whether there are genetic bases that underlie poor lead capture.

Methods And Results: Retrospective review of all patients with structurally normal hearts who underwent new device implantation at Texas Children's Hospital between 2009 and 2014 was performed.

Massage-induced brachial plexus injury.

Background And Purpose: There are few reports in the literature of adverse effects resulting from massage therapy (MT) and no reports of brachial plexus injury (BPI) associated with MT. This case report describes an uncommon case of BPI that developed after a session of MT and reviews previously published reports of peripheral nerve injury following MT.

Case Description: A 58-year-old Asian woman developed sudden unilateral paralysis of her left shoulder girdle after a session of MT.

Development of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers in Setaria italica (Poaceae) and cross-amplification in related species.

Foxtail millet is one of the world's oldest cultivated crops. It has been adopted as a model organism for providing a deeper understanding of plant biology. In this study, 45 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers of Setaria italica were developed.