In Vivo Quantification of Anterior and Posterior Chamber Volumes in Mice: Implications for Aqueous Humor Dynamics.

Purpose: Aqueous humor inflow rate, a key parameter influencing aqueous humor dynamics, is typically measured by fluorophotometry. Analyzing fluorophotometric data depends, inter alia, on the volume of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber but not the posterior chamber. Previous fluorophotometric studies of the aqueous inflow rate in mice have assumed the ratio of anterior:posterior volumes in mice to be similar to those in humans.

Citrobacter rodentium infection impairs dopamine metabolism and exacerbates the pathology of Parkinson's disease in mice.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder with indistinct etiology and ill-defined pathophysiology. Intestinal inflammation involved in the pathogenesis of PD, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Citrobacter rodentium (C.

Reduced Aqueous Humor Outflow Pathway Arborization in Childhood Glaucoma Eyes.

Purpose: To compare aqueous humor outflow (AHO) pathway patterns between eyes of childhood glaucoma patients and non-glaucomatous patients receiving cataract surgery.

Methods: Aqueous angiography was performed in childhood glaucoma eyes (n = 5) receiving glaucoma surgery and in pediatric (n = 1) and healthy adult (n = 5) eyes receiving cataract surgery. Indocyanine green (0.

Disrupting CD38-driven T cell dysfunction restores sensitivity to cancer immunotherapy.

A central problem in cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is the development of resistance, which affects 50% of patients with metastatic melanoma. T cell exhaustion, resulting from chronic antigen exposure in the tumour microenvironment, is a major driver of ICB resistance. Here, we show that CD38, an ecto-enzyme involved in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) catabolism, is highly expressed in exhausted CD8 T cells in melanoma and is associated with ICB resistance.

An IgM-like inhalable ACE2 fusion protein broadly neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Many of the currently available COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics are not effective against newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we developed the metallo-enzyme domain of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-the cellular receptor of SARS-CoV-2-into an IgM-like inhalable molecule (HH-120). HH-120 binds to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein with high avidity and confers potent and broad-spectrum neutralization activity against all known SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

Gene therapy for cross-correction of somatic organs and the CNS in mucopolysaccharidosis II in rodents and non-human primates.

Mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II) is a rare lysosomal storage disease characterized by deficient activity of iduronate-2-sulfatase (I2S), leading to pathological accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in tissues. We used iduronate-2-sulfatase knockout ( KO) mice to investigate if liver-directed recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors (rAAV8-LSP-h) encoding human I2S (hI2S) could cross-correct I2S deficiency in KO mouse tissues, and we then assessed the translation of mouse data to non-human primates (NHPs). Treated mice showed sustained hepatic hI2S production, accompanied by normalized GAG levels in somatic tissues (including critical tissues such as heart and lung), indicating systemic cross-correction from liver-secreted hI2S.

PrecisionFDA Truth Challenge V2: Calling variants from short and long reads in difficult-to-map regions.

The precisionFDA Truth Challenge V2 aimed to assess the state of the art of variant calling in challenging genomic regions. Starting with FASTQs, 20 challenge participants applied their variant-calling pipelines and submitted 64 variant call sets for one or more sequencing technologies (Illumina, PacBio HiFi, and Oxford Nanopore Technologies). Submissions were evaluated following best practices for benchmarking small variants with updated Genome in a Bottle benchmark sets and genome stratifications.

Autophagy in healthy aging and disease.

Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process that eliminates molecules and subcellular elements, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and organelles, via lysosome-mediated degradation to promote homeostasis, differentiation, development and survival. While autophagy is intimately linked to health, the intricate relationship among autophagy, aging and disease remains unclear. This Review examines several emerging features of autophagy and postulates how they may be linked to aging as well as to the development and progression of disease.

[Correlation between intrahepatic triglyceride content quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and glucose metabolism].

To investigate the correlation between intrahepatic triglyceride content (IHTC) and glucose metabolism in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) diagnosed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS). A total of 239 subjects without diabetes mellitus were previously enrolled and underwent H-MRS scans. Anthropometric indexes including height, weight, waist and blood pressure, and laboratory findings as plasma glucose (PG), insulin (INS), C-peptide (CP), liver enzymes [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)] and lipid profiles were collected.

Regulatory function of the novel transcription factor CxrC in Penicillium oxalicum.

Numerous transcription factors (TFs) in ascomycete fungi play crucial roles in cellular processes; however, how most of them function is poorly understood. Here, we identified and characterized a novel TF, CxrC (POX01387), acting downstream of the key TF CxrA, which is essential for plant-biomass-degrading-enzyme (PBDE) production in Penicillium oxalicum. Deletion of cxrC in P.

Predictors of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction After Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement in Severe Mitral Annular Calcification: An Analysis of the Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement in Mitral Annular Calcification Global Registry.

[Figure: see text].

Highly efficient remediation of decabromodiphenyl ether-contaminated soil using mechanochemistry in the presence of additive and its mechanism.

Mechanochemistry has been proved to be an effective method to remediation of organic-contaminated sites. However, the high ball-to-powder mass ratio (C) limits the large-scale application of mechanochemistry. In this study, co-milling additives were introduced to enhance the mechanochemical degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209)-contaminated soil under the condition of low C.

Enantioselective degradation of the organophosphorus insecticide isocarbophos in Cupriavidus nantongensis X1: Characteristics, enantioselective regulation, degradation pathways, and toxicity assessment.

The chiral pesticide enantiomers often show selective efficacy and non-target toxicity. In this study, the enantioselective degradation characteristics of the chiral organophosphorus insecticide isocarbophos (ICP) by Cupriavidus nantongensis X1 were investigated systematically. Strain X1 preferentially degraded the ICP R isomer (R-ICP) over the S isomer (S-ICP).

Association between fine particulate matter and heart failure hospitalizations: a time-series analysis in Yancheng, China.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a global public health problem of increasing importance. The association between acute exposure to air pollution and HF has been well established in developed countries, but little evidence is available in developing countries where air pollution levels are much higher.

Objectives: To explore the associations between PM and HF hospitalizations in Yancheng, China.

Ethnicity-related DMD Genotype Landscapes in European and Non-European Countries.

Objective: Genetic diagnosis and mutation identification are now compulsory for Duchenne (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophies (BMD), which are due to dystrophin () gene mutations, either for disease prevention or personalized therapies. To evaluate the ethnic-related genetic assortments of mutations, which may impact on DMD genetic diagnosis pipelines, we studied 328 patients with DMD and BMD from non-European countries.

Methods: We performed a full DMD mutation detection in 328 patients from 10 Eastern European countries (Poland, Hungary, Lithuania, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, and Russia) and 2 non-European countries (Cyprus and Algeria).

A comprehensive investigation of metagenome assembly by linked-read sequencing.

Background: The human microbiota are complex systems with important roles in our physiological activities and diseases. Sequencing the microbial genomes in the microbiota can help in our interpretation of their activities. The vast majority of the microbes in the microbiota cannot be isolated for individual sequencing.

A Prospective Study of Neurologic Disorders in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in New York City.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated mortality of well-defined neurologic diagnoses among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we prospectively followed hospitalized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive patients and recorded new neurologic disorders and hospital outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, observational study of consecutive hospitalized adults in the New York City metropolitan area with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The prevalence of new neurologic disorders (as diagnosed by a neurologist) was recorded and in-hospital mortality and discharge disposition were compared between patients with COVID-19 with and without neurologic disorders.

gp91, a Novel Biomarker Evaluating Oxidative Stress, Is Elevated in Subclinical Hypothyroidism.

Background: gp91, the catalytic core of NADPH oxidase (NOX) and biomarker of NOX activation, has been recently recognized as a parameter of systemic oxidative stress in several studies. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is characteristic of elevated level of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and is frequently accompanied with cholesterolemia. In this study, the levels of serum soluble gp91 were measured to assess the oxidative stress in patients with SH.

Thirty-Day Outcomes of Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement for Degenerated Mitral Bioprostheses (Valve-in-Valve), Failed Surgical Rings (Valve-in-Ring), and Native Valve With Severe Mitral Annular Calcification (Valve-in-Mitral Annular Calcification) in the United States: Data From the Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology/Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry.

Background: Transcatheter mitral valve replacement using aortic transcatheter heart valves has recently become an alternative for patients with degenerated mitral bioprostheses, failed surgical repairs with annuloplasty rings or severe mitral annular calcification who are poor surgical candidates. Outcomes of these procedures are collected in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology/Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry. A comprehensive analysis of mitral valve-in-valve (MViV), mitral valve-in-ring (MViR), and valve-in-mitral annular calcification (ViMAC) outcomes has not been performed.

Association of Risk Alleles With Cardiovascular Disease in Blacks in the Million Veteran Program.

Background: Approximately 13% of black individuals carry 2 copies of the apolipoprotein L1 () risk alleles G1 or G2, which are associated with 1.5- to 2.5-fold increased risk of chronic kidney disease.