A finite element analysis of the trapezoidal plate. How to get a stable fixation at different fracture lines?

The fractures in the condylar area are a challenge for every surgeon, for the treatment of which trapezoidal condylar plate is used in most cases. However, it is not possible to position the plate in the ideal osteosynthesis lines according to Meyer et al. in every clinical situation.

Cosmetic Tattooing of Free Flaps following Head and Neck Reconstruction.

Free flap reconstruction of the head and neck is a widespread procedure. The aesthetic outcome is frequently compromised by color mismatch between the donor site skin and the complex pigmentation of the face. Various surgical procedures have been described to improve the appearance of external skin paddles.

First experiences with simultaneous skeletal and soft tissue reconstruction of noma-related facial defects.

Noma victims suffer from a three-dimensional facial soft-tissue loss. Some may also develop complex viscerocranial defects, due to acute osteitis, chronic exposure, or arrested skeletal growth. Reconstruction has mainly focused on soft tissue so far, whereas skeletal restoration was mostly avoided.

Primary and secondary procedures in functional and aesthetic reconstruction of noma-associated complex central facial defects.

Background: Most defects resulting from noma involve the lateral and anterolateral aspects of the face and are often combined with severe functional deficits. A subgroup, commonly called "central noma," is composed of defects of the upper lip, maxillary soft tissues, premaxilla, nasal cartilaginous infrastructure, and soft tissues. In contrast to unilateral involvement of the face, central noma does not affect opening of the jaw; however, it results in severe mutilation, with disfiguring three-dimensional defects erasing any individual traits from a face.

Free flap transfer for closure and interposition-arthroplasty in noma defects of the lateral face associated with bony ankylosis.

Noma defects of the anterolateral face are often associated with fibrous or bony ankylosis fusing the mandibula to the skull base. According to the extent of the ankylosis, the temporomandibular joint mobility can be restricted or even completely frozen. In third world conditions the surgical approach to severe forms of bony ankylosis consists of a single linear opening osteotomy (trismus release) and the closure of the noma defect with locoregional flaps.