Enhancing the sensitivity of atom-interferometric inertial sensors using robust control.

Atom-interferometric quantum sensors could revolutionize navigation, civil engineering, and Earth observation. However, operation in real-world environments is challenging due to external interference, platform noise, and constraints on size, weight, and power. Here we experimentally demonstrate that tailored light pulses designed using robust control techniques mitigate significant error sources in an atom-interferometric accelerometer.

Prospects for beyond the Standard Model physics searches at the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment: DUNE Collaboration.

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be a powerful tool for a variety of physics topics. The high-intensity proton beams provide a large neutrino flux, sampled by a near detector system consisting of a combination of capable precision detectors, and by the massive far detector system located deep underground. This configuration sets up DUNE as a machine for discovery, as it enables opportunities not only to perform precision neutrino measurements that may uncover deviations from the present three-flavor mixing paradigm, but also to discover new particles and unveil new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model (SM).

Diversity analysis of 80,000 wheat accessions reveals consequences and opportunities of selection footprints.

Undomesticated wild species, crop wild relatives, and landraces represent sources of variation for wheat improvement to address challenges from climate change and the growing human population. Here, we study 56,342 domesticated hexaploid, 18,946 domesticated tetraploid and 3,903 crop wild relatives in a massive-scale genotyping and diversity analysis. Using DArTseq technology, we identify more than 300,000 high-quality SNPs and SilicoDArT markers and align them to three reference maps: the IWGSC RefSeq v1.

Hypomorphic Missense Variants Confer Moderate Risks of Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer risks conferred by many germline missense variants in the and genes, often referred to as variants of uncertain significance (VUS), have not been established. In this study, associations between 19 BRCA1 and 33 BRCA2 missense substitution variants and breast cancer risk were investigated through a breast cancer case-control study using genotyping data from 38 studies of predominantly European ancestry (41,890 cases and 41,607 controls) and nine studies of Asian ancestry (6,269 cases and 6,624 controls). The BRCA2 c.

Sucrose Transporter Localization and Function in Phloem Unloading in Developing Stems.

How sucrose transporters (SUTs) regulate phloem unloading in monocot stems is poorly understood and particularly so for species storing high Suc concentrations. To this end, Sorghum bicolor SUTs SbSUT1 and SbSUT5 were characterized by determining their transport properties heterologously expressed in yeast or Xenopus laevis oocytes, and their in planta cellular and subcellular localization. The plasma membrane-localized SbSUT1 and SbSUT5 exhibited a strong selectivity for Suc and high Suc affinities in X.

The PGE2 EP3 Receptor Regulates Diet-Induced Adiposity in Male Mice.

Mice carrying a targeted disruption of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) E-prostanoid receptor 3 (EP3) gene, Ptger3, were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), or a micronutrient matched control diet, to investigate the effects of disrupted PGE2-EP3 signaling on diabetes in a setting of diet-induced obesity. Although no differences in body weight were seen in mice fed the control diet, when fed a HFD, EP3(-/-) mice gained more weight relative to EP3(+/+) mice. Overall, EP3(-/-) mice had increased epididymal fat mass and adipocyte size; paradoxically, a relative decrease in both epididymal fat pad mass and adipocyte size was observed in the heaviest EP3(-/-) mice.

Prostaglandins are essential for cervical ripening in LPS-mediated preterm birth but not term or antiprogestin-driven preterm ripening.

Globally, an estimated 13 million preterm babies are born each year. These babies are at increased risk of infant mortality and life-long health complications. Interventions to prevent preterm birth (PTB) require an understanding of processes driving parturition.

Impact of the new US health-care-reform legislation on the pharmaceutical industry: who are the real winners?

Over the past two years, the US pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries were preparing themselves for passage of some type of health-reform legislation with a clear appreciation-and concern-about the enormous impact any law would be likely to have on the structure and viability of the research-based industry. Now, with final passage in March 2010 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and its companion "quick-fix" and budget bill, the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, it is a good time to take a look at how the industry fared and assess how the various provisions of the health-care reform bill might affect the industry's long-term prosperity and growth.

The effect of vitamins C and E on biomarkers of oxidative stress depends on baseline level.

Oxidative stress is elevated in obesity, and may be a major mechanism for obesity-related diseases. Nonsmokers (n=396) were randomized to 1000 mg/day vitamin C, 800 IU/day vitamin E, or placebo, for 2 months. Treatment effect was examined in multiple regression analyses using an intention-to-treat approach.

Low- and high-density lipoprotein metabolism in HepG2 cells expressing various levels of apolipoprotein E.

To determine the importance of hepatic apolipoprotein (apo) E in lipoprotein metabolism, HepG2 cells were transfected with a constitutive expression vector (pRc/CMV) containing either the complete or the first 474 base pairs of the human apoE cDNA inserted in an antisense orientation, for apoE gene inactivation, or the full-length human apoE cDNA inserted in a sense orientation for overexpression of apoE. Stable transformants were obtained that expressed 15, 24, 226, and 287% the apoE level of control HepG2 cells. The metabolism of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein-3 (HDL(3)), two lipoprotein classes following both holoparticle and cholesteryl esters (CE)-selective uptake pathways, was compared between all these cells.

Modulation of apolipoprotein D and apolipoprotein E expression in rat hippocampus after entorhinal cortex lesion.

Apolipoprotein (apo) D is a member of the lipocalin family of proteins. Although its physiological function is unknown, apoD is thought to transport one or more small hydrophobic ligands. A second apolipoprotein, apoE is known to play an important role in lipid transport, and apoE genetic polymorphism has been shown to be associated with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease.

Plasma vitamin E levels in a chronically hemolyzing group of dialysis patients.

Plasma vitamin E levels and the ascorbate cyanide test were assessed in 15 chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients (group A) exposed to persistently elevated chloramine levels in the dialysis water. The vitamin E levels in these patients, who had evidence of oxidant induced hemolytic anemia, were compared to 15 chronic HD patients exposed to low chloramine levels (group B) and 17 controls (group C). Vitamin E levels were found to be significantly lower in group A than in either groups B or C (p less than 0.

In vitro crevice corrosion behavior of implant materials.

The crevice corrosion susceptibility of cold-worked Type 316LVM stainless steel, cast Co-Cr-Mo, wrought Co-Cr-W-Ni, non-nitrided and nitrided Ti-6Al-4V ELI, and c.p. Ti, Grades 1 and 4, was studied in vitro by means of a crevice cell.

Alterations in health perception and lifestyle in treated hypertensives.

The effect of being treated for hypertension on health perception and life-style and the duration of any alterations after first diagnosis were assessed by administering a standardized interview schedule to employed treated hypertensive men and women, aged 40-64 years, who were either newly diagnosed (ND) (within 6 months of the interview) or previously diagnosed (PD) (1-3 years before the interview) and who were otherwise healthy. In both groups of 50 hypertensives, indices of health status and ability to participate in enjoyable activities were significantly lower while symptom score and index of worry about health were significantly higher compared with a group of 50 age and sex-matched normotensive controls (C) (p less than 0.001).

Lymphoid hyperplasia: a major prognostic feature in 519 cases of colorectal carcinoma.

The size of the regional lymph nodes, germinal center, and paracortical areas, and the degree of perivascular lymphocyte cuffing (PLC) at the edges of 519 carcinomas of the large bowel have been analyzed microscopically and assessed quantitatively. Hyperplasia of these lymphoid areas, defined as relative or absolute size exceeding the median for the tumor stage, has been related to cancer-specific survival data for each of Dukes' Stages A, B, and C, and for disseminated disease commonly referred to as Stage D. Germinal center hyperplasia was associated with a major survival advantage in Stage B (P = 0.

Effect of vitamin C on copper and iron metabolism in the guinea pig.

Although interaction of vitamin C, copper and iron have been studied in several species, little is known about these interactions in species which require the vitamin in the diet. Young male Hartley guinea pigs were fed a basal diet, or a basal diet and supplemented daily with vitamin C, p.o.