: an important genus of canker pathogens.

species have commonly been reported as important plant pathogenic fungi with wide host ranges and geographic distributions. With the increase in the number of cryptic species being described, a comprehensive global taxonomic revision of the genus is required. The present study includes 399 isolates from 32 countries.

Ring Size Effects on the Structures of Sandwich Compounds with a Stoichiometry of CHM (M = Ti-Ni).

Ring size effects on geometries and electronic structures were investigated for the (C H )M(C H ) ( = 4, 5, or 6; = 8, 7, or 6; + = 12; M = Ti-Ni) systems using density functional theory. The lowest-energy CHM structures for the early transition metals titanium, vanadium, and chromium are the experimentally known singlet (η-CH)Ti(η-CH), doublet (η-CH)V(η-CH), and singlet (η-CH)Cr, respectively. The likewise experimentally known singlet (η-CH)Ti, doublet (η-CH)V, and singlet (η-CH)Cr(η-CH) are the second-lowest-energy structures with only a small energy difference between the two vanadium structures.

Probiotics and their metabolite spermidine enhance IFN-γCD4 T cell immunity to inhibit hepatitis B virus.

The therapeutic potential of commensal microbes and their metabolites is promising in the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which is defined as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss. Here, using both specific-pathogen-free and germ-free mice, we report that probiotics significantly promote the decline of HBsAg and inhibit HBV replication by enhancing intestinal homeostasis and provoking intrahepatic interferon (IFN)-γCD4 T cell immune response. Depletion of CD4 T cells or blockage of IFN-γ abolishes probiotics-mediated HBV inhibition.

Antitumor effect of polyphyllin I (PPI) on colorectal cancer: Evidence from patient-derived organoids and Notch signaling suppression.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor with a high incidence, ranking first among gastrointestinal malignancies. We investigated the impact of polyphyllin I (PPI), a natural compound found in Paris polyphylla, on CRC. PPI has been documented to exhibit anticancer activity against various tumors.

Mosaic sarbecovirus nanoparticles elicit cross-reactive responses in pre-vaccinated animals.

Immunization with mosaic-8b (nanoparticles presenting 8 SARS-like betacoronavirus [sarbecovirus] receptor-binding domains [RBDs]) elicits more broadly cross-reactive antibodies than homotypic SARS-CoV-2 RBD-only nanoparticles and protects against sarbecoviruses. To investigate original antigenic sin (OAS) effects on mosaic-8b efficacy, we evaluated the effects of prior COVID-19 vaccinations in non-human primates and mice on anti-sarbecovirus responses elicited by mosaic-8b, admix-8b (8 homotypics), or homotypic SARS-CoV-2 immunizations, finding the greatest cross-reactivity for mosaic-8b. As demonstrated by molecular fate mapping, in which antibodies from specific cohorts of B cells are differentially detected, B cells primed by WA1 spike mRNA-LNP dominated antibody responses after RBD-nanoparticle boosting.

Analysis of continuous laser-irradiation resistance of liquid-crystal optical switch based on sapphire-substrate GaN.

Developing high-power laser technology and its applications necessitates improvements in the laser-irradiation resistance of liquid-crystal modulation devices. In this study, the thermal characteristics of substrate and electrode materials, including sapphire-substrate indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, K9 glass-substrate ITO electrodes, sapphire-substrate gallium nitride (GaN) electrodes, and liquid-crystal optical switches, are investigated using simulation and experimental methods. Results show that the sapphire-substrate GaN electrode demonstrates the best heat dissipation and that the maximum temperature at the center of the spot under 75 W laser irradiation is 319 K, 52 K lower than that of an equally thick sapphire-substrate ITO electrode and 225 K lower than that of an equally thick K9 glass-substrate ITO electrode (steady state and test time >2min).

First Observation of a Three-Resonance Structure in e^{+}e^{-}→Nonopen Charm Hadrons.

We report the measurement of the inclusive cross sections for e^{+}e^{-}→nOCH (where nOCH denotes non-open charm hadrons) with improved precision at center-of-mass (c.m.) energies from 3.

Genome Characterization of a Tailam Virus Discovered in Brown Rats in Yunnan Province, China.

is one of the most well known and largest virus families, including some animal and human pathogens, such as the Hendra, Nipah, and Rinderpest viruses, with a high potential for the emergence of human diseases. Based on recent phylogenetic analyses, two new genera ( and ) have been described. The newly recognized genus has rapidly increased in number and has grown to 15 species from 7 a few years ago.

Postprocedural Anticoagulation After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial.

Background: Postprocedural anticoagulation (PPA) is frequently administered after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, although no conclusive data support this practice.

Methods: The RIGHT trial (Comparison of Anticoagulation Prolongation vs no Anticoagulation in STEMI Patients After Primary PCI) was an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, superiority trial conducted at 53 centers in China. Patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention were randomly assigned by center to receive low-dose PPA or matching placebo for at least 48 hours.

Benralizumab versus Mepolizumab for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis.

Background: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a vasculitis characterized by eosinophilic inflammation. Benralizumab, a monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-5α receptor expressed on eosinophils, may be an option for treating EGPA.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, phase 3, randomized, active-controlled noninferiority trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of benralizumab as compared with mepolizumab.

Mosaic sarbecovirus nanoparticles elicit cross-reactive responses in pre-vaccinated animals.

Immunization with mosaic-8b [60-mer nanoparticles presenting 8 SARS-like betacoronavirus (sarbecovirus) receptor-binding domains (RBDs)] elicits more broadly cross-reactive antibodies than homotypic SARS-CoV-2 RBD-only nanoparticles and protects against sarbecoviruses. To investigate original antigenic sin (OAS) effects on mosaic-8b efficacy, we evaluated effects of prior COVID-19 vaccinations in non-human primates and mice on anti-sarbecovirus responses elicited by mosaic-8b, admix-8b (8 homotypics), or homotypic SARS-CoV-2 immunizations, finding greatest cross-reactivity for mosaic-8b. As demonstrated by molecular fate-mapping in which antibodies from specific cohorts of B cells are differentially detected, B cells primed by WA1 spike mRNA-LNP dominated antibody responses after RBD-nanoparticle boosting.

Solubilization of fish myofibrillar proteins in NaCl and KCl solutions: A DIA-based proteomics analysis.

Understanding the basic solubilization of fish myofibrillar proteins (MPs) in common monovalent chloride solutions is crucial for muscle food processing. In this study, the differential proteomic profiles of MPs during extraction and solubilization in NaCl and KCl solutions were investigated by using advanced four-dimensional data-independent acquisition (4D DIA) quantitative proteomics for the first time. Compared to routine biochemical analysis, this could provide insights into the solubilization of muscle proteins.

Germanene saturable absorber for mode-locked operation in an all-fiber laser with multiple dispersion environments.

In this paper, a high-quality germanene-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) saturable absorber (SA) with a modulation depth of 3.05% and a saturation intensity of 17.95 / was prepared.

Oxidative stress in acute pulmonary embolism: emerging roles and therapeutic implications.

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the body's reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Oxidative stress is involved in the development of several cardiovascular diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus. A growing number of studies have suggested the potential role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of pulmonary embolism.

MRE11 liberates cGAS from nucleosome sequestration during tumorigenesis.

Oncogene-induced replication stress generates endogenous DNA damage that activates cGAS-STING-mediated signalling and tumour suppression. However, the precise mechanism of cGAS activation by endogenous DNA damage remains enigmatic, particularly given that high-affinity histone acidic patch (AP) binding constitutively inhibits cGAS by sterically hindering its activation by double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Here we report that the DNA double-strand break sensor MRE11 suppresses mammary tumorigenesis through a pivotal role in regulating cGAS activation.

Highly cooperative chimeric super-SOX induces naive pluripotency across species.

Our understanding of pluripotency remains limited: iPSC generation has only been established for a few model species, pluripotent stem cell lines exhibit inconsistent developmental potential, and germline transmission has only been demonstrated for mice and rats. By swapping structural elements between Sox2 and Sox17, we built a chimeric super-SOX factor, Sox2-17, that enhanced iPSC generation in five tested species: mouse, human, cynomolgus monkey, cow, and pig. A swap of alanine to valine at the interface between Sox2 and Oct4 delivered a gain of function by stabilizing Sox2/Oct4 dimerization on DNA, enabling generation of high-quality OSKM iPSCs capable of supporting the development of healthy all-iPSC mice.

Effect and mechanism of Banxia Xiexin decoction in colorectal cancer: A network pharmacology approach.

Background: Banxia Xiexin decoction (BXD) is a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) activity. However, its bioactive constituents and its mechanism of action remain unclear. Herein, we explored the mechanism of action of BXD against CRC using a network pharmacology approach.

Novel Pan-ERR Agonists Ameliorate Heart Failure Through Enhancing Cardiac Fatty Acid Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function.

Background: Cardiac metabolic dysfunction is a hallmark of heart failure (HF). Estrogen-related receptors ERRα and ERRγ are essential regulators of cardiac metabolism. Therefore, activation of ERR could be a potential therapeutic intervention for HF.

Enhanced catalysis of a vanadium-substituted Keggin-type polyoxomolybdate supported on the MO/C (M = Fe or Co) surface enables efficient and recyclable oxidation of HMF to DFF.

In the reaction of oxidizing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), attaining high efficiency and selectivity in the conversion of HMF into DFF presents a challenge due to the possibility of forming multiple products. Polyoxometalates are considered highly active catalysts for HMF oxidation. However, the over-oxidation of products poses a challenge, leading to decreased purity and yield.

Targeting EIF4A triggers an interferon response to synergize with chemotherapy and suppress triple-negative breast cancer.

Protein synthesis is frequently dysregulated in cancer and selective inhibition of mRNA translation represents an attractive cancer therapy. Here, we show that therapeutically targeting the RNA helicase eIF4A by Zotatifin, the first-in-class eIF4A inhibitor, exerts pleiotropic effects on both tumor cells and the tumor immune microenvironment in a diverse cohort of syngeneic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) mouse models. Zotatifin not only suppresses tumor cell proliferation but also directly repolarizes macrophages towards an M1-like phenotype and inhibits neutrophil infiltration, which sensitizes tumors to immune checkpoint blockade.