Use of Claims to Assess Outcomes and Treatment Effects in the Evolut Low Risk Trial.

Background: Food and Drug Administration-mandated postmarket studies for transcatheter aortic valve replacement in low-risk populations plan to use passively collected registry data linked to claims for long-term follow-up out to 10 years. Therefore, it is critically important to understand the validity of these claims-based end points. We sought to evaluate the ability of administrative claims with () codes to identify trial-adjudicated end points and reproduce treatment comparisons of aortic valve replacement in the Evolut Low Risk Trial.

ctDNA-based molecular residual disease and survival in resectable colorectal cancer.

The interim analysis of the CIRCULATE-Japan GALAXY observational study demonstrated the association of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based molecular residual disease (MRD) detection with recurrence risk and benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in resectable colorectal cancer (CRC). This updated analysis with a 23-month median follow-up, including 2,240 patients with stage II-III colon cancer or stage IV CRC, reinforces the prognostic value of ctDNA positivity during the MRD window with significantly inferior disease-free survival (DFS; hazard ratio (HR): 11.99, P < 0.

Statistical Combination of ATLAS Run 2 Searches for Charginos and Neutralinos at the LHC.

Statistical combinations of searches for charginos and neutralinos using various decay channels are performed using 139  fb^{-1} of pp collision data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Searches targeting pure-wino chargino pair production, pure-wino chargino-neutralino production, or Higgsino production decaying via standard model W, Z, or h bosons are combined to extend the mass reach to the produced supersymmetric particles by 30-100 GeV. The depth of the sensitivity of the original searches is also improved by the combinations, lowering the 95% C.

A core outcome set for acute necrotizing pancreatitis: An Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma modified Delphi method consensus study.

Background: The management of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) has changed dramatically over the past 20 years including the use of less invasive techniques, the timing of interventions, nutritional management, and antimicrobial management. This study sought to create a core outcome set (COS) to help shape future research by establishing a minimal set of essential outcomes that will facilitate future comparisons and pooling of data while minimizing reporting bias.

Methods: A modified Delphi process was performed through involvement of ANP content experts.

Comparing Low- or Standard-Dose Alteplase in Endovascular Thrombectomy: Insights From a Nationwide Registry.

Background: Timely intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy are the standard reperfusion treatments for large vessel occlusion stroke. Currently, it is unknown whether a low-dose thrombolytic agent (0.6 mg/kg alteplase) can offer similar efficacy to the standard dose (0.

Test of CP Invariance in Higgs Boson Vector-Boson-Fusion Production Using the H→γγ Channel with the ATLAS Detector.

A test of CP invariance in Higgs boson production via vector-boson fusion has been performed in the H→γγ channel using 139  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The optimal observable method is used to probe the CP structure of interactions between the Higgs boson and electroweak gauge bosons, as described by an effective field theory. No sign of CP violation is observed in the data.

Pannexin 1 Modulates Angiogenic Activities of Human Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells Through IGF-1 Mechanism and Is a Marker of Senescence.

Background: We examined the role of Panxs (pannexins) in human endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) senescence.

Methods: Young and replication-induced senescent endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) derived from human circulating EPCs were used to examine cellular activities and senescence-associated indicators after transfection of short interference RNA specific to Panx1 or lentivirus-mediated Panx1 overexpression. Hind limb ischemia mice were used as in vivo angiogenesis model.

Imaging the Side Effects of CAR T Cell Therapy: A Primer for the Practicing Radiologist.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a revolutionary form of immunotherapy that has proven to be efficacious in the treatment of many hematologic cancers. CARs are modified T lymphocytes that express an artificial receptor specific to a tumor-associated antigen. These engineered cells are then reintroduced to upregulate the host immune responses and eradicate malignant cells.

Identification of an 85-kb Heterozygous 4p Microdeletion With Full Genome Analysis in Autosomal Dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease.

Background And Objectives: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a syndrome of a hereditary neurodegenerative condition affecting the peripheral nervous system and is a single gene disorder. Deep phenotyping coupled with advanced genetic techniques is critical in discovering new genetic defects of rare genetic disorders such as CMT.

Methods: We applied multidisciplinary investigations to examine the neurophysiology and nerve pathology in a family that fulfilled the diagnosis of CMT2.

Cilta-cel or Standard Care in Lenalidomide-Refractory Multiple Myeloma.

Background: Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel), a B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed CAR T-cell therapy, is effective in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. We investigated cilta-cel in earlier treatment lines in patients with lenalidomide-refractory disease.

Methods: In this phase 3, randomized, open-label trial, we assigned patients with lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma to receive cilta-cel or the physician's choice of effective standard care.

2023 Consensus of Taiwan Society of Cardiology on the Pharmacological Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure.

The prevalence of heart failure is increasing, causing a tremendous burden on health care systems around the world. Although mortality rate of heart failure has been significantly reduced by several effective agents in the past 3 decades, yet it remains high in observational studies. More recently, several new classes of drugs emerged with significant efficacy in reducing mortality and hospitalization in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Liver Fibrosis, Fat, and Iron Evaluation with MRI and Fibrosis and Fat Evaluation with US: A Practical Guide for Radiologists.

Quantitative imaging biomarkers of liver disease measured by using MRI and US are emerging as important clinical tools in the management of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Because of their high accuracy and noninvasive nature, in many cases, these techniques have replaced liver biopsy for the diagnosis, quantitative staging, and treatment monitoring of patients with CLD. The most commonly evaluated imaging biomarkers are surrogates for liver fibrosis, fat, and iron.

Spatial resolution enhancement in photon-starved STED imaging using deep learning-based fluorescence lifetime analysis.

As a super-resolution imaging method, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy has unraveled fine intracellular structures and provided insights into nanoscale organizations in cells. Although image resolution can be further enhanced by continuously increasing the STED-beam power, the resulting photodamage and phototoxicity are major issues for real-world applications of STED microscopy. Here we demonstrate that, with 50% less STED-beam power, the STED image resolution can be improved up to 1.

Disparities in Cardiovascular Mortality Between Black and White Adults in the United States, 1999 to 2019.

Background: Black adults experience a disproportionately higher burden of cardiovascular risk factors and disease in comparison with White adults in the United States. Less is known about how sex-based disparities in cardiovascular mortality between these groups have changed on a national scale over the past 20 years, particularly across geographic determinants of health and residential racial segregation.

Methods: We used CDC WONDER (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) to identify Black and White adults age ≥25 years in the United States from 1999 to 2019.

Pathogenic autoantibodies to IFN-γ act through the impedance of receptor assembly and Fc-mediated response.

Anti-interferon (IFN)-γ autoantibodies (AIGAs) are a pathogenic factor in late-onset immunodeficiency with disseminated mycobacterial and other opportunistic infections. AIGAs block IFN-γ function, but their effects on IFN-γ signaling are unknown. Using a single-cell capture method, we isolated 19 IFN-γ-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from patients with AIGAs.

Are Opioid Infusions Used Inappropriately at End of Life? Results From a Quality/Safety Project.

Context: Opioid continuous infusions are commonly used for end-of-life (EOL) symptoms in hospital settings. However, prescribing practices vary, and even the recent literature contains conflicting protocols and guidelines for best practice.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of potentially inappropriate opioid infusion use for EOL comfort care at an academic medical center, and determine if inappropriate use is associated with distress.

Multiarea Brain Activation and Gait Deterioration During a Cognitive and Motor Dual Task in Individuals With Parkinson Disease.

Background And Purpose: In people with Parkinson disease (PD), gait performance deteriorating during dual-task walking has been noted in previous studies. However, the effects of different types of dual tasks on gait performance and brain activation are still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate cognitive and motor dual-task walking performance on multiarea brain activity in individuals with PD.

Assessing Perceptual Load and Cognitive Load by Fixation-Related Information of Eye Movements.

Assessing mental workload is imperative for avoiding unintended negative consequences in critical situations such as driving and piloting. To evaluate mental workload, measures of eye movements have been adopted, but unequivocal results remain elusive, especially those related to fixation-related parameters. We aimed to resolve the discrepancy of previous results by differentiating two kinds of mental workload (perceptual load and cognitive load) and manipulated them independently using a modified video game.

Diabetes-Related Complications and Mortality in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Different Oral Anticoagulants : A Nationwide Analysis.

Background: Evidence about the association between types of oral anticoagulants and hazards of diabetes complications is limited in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and diabetes mellitus (DM).

Objective: To compare the hazards of diabetes complications and mortality between patients with AF and DM receiving non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and those receiving warfarin.

Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Generative adversarial network enables rapid and robust fluorescence lifetime image analysis in live cells.

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful tool to quantify molecular compositions and study molecular states in complex cellular environment as the lifetime readings are not biased by fluorophore concentration or excitation power. However, the current methods to generate FLIM images are either computationally intensive or unreliable when the number of photons acquired at each pixel is low. Here we introduce a new deep learning-based method termed flimGANE (fluorescence lifetime imaging based on Generative Adversarial Network Estimation) that can rapidly generate accurate and high-quality FLIM images even in the photon-starved conditions.

Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Primary Lung Cancer.

With the wide application of computed tomography in lung cancer screening, the incidence of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) has been increasingly reported. Despite the established criteria, the differentiation between MPLC and intrapulmonary metastasis remains challenging. Although histologic features are helpful in some circumstances, a molecular analysis is often needed.

Combination of Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor Blockers and CDK4/6 Inhibitor for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treatment.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) involves host genetics, environmental and viral factors. In clinical observations, patients of young and old ages were found to have higher recurrence and metastatic rates.

Methods: Cytokine array was employed to screen druggable target(s).