Measurement of Λ_{b}^{0}, Λ_{c}^{+}, and Λ Decay Parameters Using Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}h^{-} Decays.

A comprehensive study of the angular distributions in the bottom-baryon decays Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}h^{-}(h=π,K), followed by Λ_{c}^{+}→Λh^{+} with Λ→pπ^{-} or Λ_{c}^{+}→pK_{S}^{0} decays, is performed using a data sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1} collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. The decay parameters and the associated charge-parity (CP) asymmetries are measured, with no significant CP violation observed. For the first time, the Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}h^{-} decay parameters are measured.

Palladium-Catalyzed Modular Synthesis of Thiophene-Fused Polycyclic Aromatics via Sequential C-H Activation.

A palladium-catalyzed Catellani-type [2+2+2] annulation reaction of aryl iodides, bromothiophenes, and norbornadiene, which proceeds via a tandem Heck coupling/double C-H bond activation and retro-Diels-Alder pathway to access thiophene-fused polyaromatics, is reported. The key feature of this protocol represents a NBD/NBE retaining annulation.

Ruthenium-catalyzed three-component tandem remote C-H functionalization of naphthalenes: modular and concise synthesis of multifunctional naphthalenes.

The prevalence of naphthalene compounds in biologically active natural products, organic ligands and approved drugs has motivated investigators to develop efficient strategies for their selective synthesis. C-H functionalization of naphthalene has been frequently deployed, but mainly involves two-component reactions, while multiple-component C-H functionalization for the synthesis of naphthalene compounds has thus far proven elusive. Herein, we disclose a versatile three-component protocol for the modular synthesis of multifunctional naphthalenes from readily available simple naphthalenes, olefins and alkyl bromides P(iii)-assisted ruthenium-catalyzed remote C-H functionalization.

Arthroscopic V-Shaped Double-Pulley Suture-Bridge Repair of Massive Rotator Cuff Tear.

At present, suture bridge is a feasible choice in the treatment of massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs). However, high tension on the repair site and medial tension during suture tightening and after medial knotting are unavoidable problems in MRCT repair with a suture bridge. Arthroscopic V-shaped double-pulley suture-bridge repair is a pragmatic surgical technique for the repair of MRCTs.

Room-temperature selective cyclodehydrogenation on Au(111) via radical addition of open-shell resonance structures.

Cyclodehydrogenation is an important ring-formation reaction that can directly produce planar-conjugated carbon-based nanomaterials from nonplanar molecules. However, inherently high C-H bond energy necessitates a high temperature during dehydrogenation, and the ubiquity of C - H bonds in molecules and small differences in their bond energies hinder the selectivity of dehydrogenation. Here, we report a room-temperature cyclodehydrogenation reaction on Au(111) via radical addition of open-shell resonance structures and demonstrate that radical addition significantly decreases cyclodehydrogenation temperature and further improves the chemoselectivity of dehydrogenation.

Mild-Condition Photocatalytic Reforming of Methanol-Water by a Hierarchical, Asymmetry Carbon Nitride.

As a reproducible intermediate for hydrogen (H) and carbon cycling, methanol mixed with water (HO) in a ratio of 1 : 1 can multiply the outcome of green H generation via Photocatalytic reforming of methanol-HO (PRMW). Hitherto, low-energy and mild-condition PRMW remains a serious challenge. Here, the amino acid-derived carbon nitrides (ACN) were synthesized supramolecular precursor strategy for PRMW and achieved excellent performance (H, 35.

SLC16A8 is a causal contributor to age-related macular degeneration risk.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a complex neurodegenerative disease, is a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide with a strong genetic component. Genetic studies have identified several loci, but few causal genes with functional characterization. Here we highlight multiple lines of evidence which show a causal role in AMD for SLC16A8, which encodes MCT3, a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) specific lactate transporter.

Home-based transcranial direct current stimulation treatment for major depressive disorder: a fully remote phase 2 randomized sham-controlled trial.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed as a new treatment in major depressive disorder (MDD). This is a fully remote, multisite, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized superiority trial of 10-week home-based tDCS in MDD. Participants were 18 years or older, with MDD in current depressive episode of at least moderate severity as measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (mean = 19.

The GaCl-Catalyzed Knoevenagel Condensation To Achieve Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Small-Molecule Acceptors: A DFT Mechanistic Study.

Herein, the reaction mechanism for the GaCl-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of 2-formylindacenodithieno[3,2-]thiophene (ITIC-CHO) and active methylene compound 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (IC) to synthesize ITIC in the presence of acetic anhydride was investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The calculated results indicate that this reaction follows a bimolecular GaCl catalytic mechanism. The free energy span for the monomolecular GaCl catalytic mechanism is the highest (31.

One-Pot Synthesis of Dihydrobenzo[]fluorenes via Cascade C-H Annulation of Thiobenzamide with Alkynes.

We herein disclose a highly efficient one-pot synthetic strategy for dihydrobenzo[]fluorenes via cascade rhodium(III)-catalyzed -C-H activation/annulation of thiobenzamides with aryl ethynyl ketones and subsequently copper(II)-promoted intramolecular C-H/C-H cross-coupling reactions. Mechanistic investigations suggest that Cu(II) plays two crucial roles by serving as a sulfide scavenger to regenerate the Rh(III) catalyst and promoting the intramolecular C-H/C-H cross-coupling reaction. This protocol greatly streamlines accesses to a variety of appealing tetracyclic benzo[]fluorene skeletons, which may have potential biological activity and medicinal properties.

Construction of Six-Membered Lactam and Lactone Structures via Ligand-Free Pd-Catalyzed C-H Activation/[5 + 1] Cyclization Carbonylation.

An approach for the ligand-free Pd-catalyzed C-H activation/[5 + 1] cyclization carbonylation by employing readily available ClCFCOONa as a carbonyl source via difluorocarbene transfer and hydrolysis has been developed. The current protocol enables us to obtain a series of carbonylation cyclization product benzopyranone and phenanthridinone derivatives in up to 91% yield with excellent functional group compatibility. This protocol has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, wide applicable substrates, and simple and safe operation and provides a new method for the synthesis of complex lactam and lactone compounds.

Assessing Drug Uptake and Response Differences in 2D and 3D Cellular Environments Using Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy.

The architecture of cell culture, two-dimensional (2D) versus three-dimensional (3D), significantly impacts various cellular factors, including cell-cell interactions, nutrient and oxygen gradients, metabolic activity, and gene expression profiles. This can result in different cellular responses during cancer drug treatment, with 3D-cultured cells often exhibiting higher resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. While various genetic and proteomic analyses have been employed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this increased resistance, complementary techniques that provide experimental evidence of spatial molecular profiling data are limited.

Strongly active and environmentally friendly WO/CN photocatalysts for converting cyclohexane to cyclohexanone under ambient conditions.

C-H bond activation under mild conditions remains a great challenge in the chemical industry, while catalytic cyclohexane oxidation is inefficient and often requires organic solvents and strong oxidants. This study constructed a CN/WO Z-type heterojunction catalyst to efficiently convert cyclohexane into cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol (KA oil) through aqueous phase oxidation by O under visible light irradiation. With strong redox performance and high photogenerated carrier separation ability, the proposed composite catalyst can produce the key active species for cyclohexane oxidation in the HO-O system.

Crafting 1,4-diaryl spirobifluorene hosts in OLEDs interannular C-H arylation: synergistic effects of molecular linearity and orthogonality.

In this work, we present a design concept of introducing linear structures into the orthogonal configuration of 9,9'-spirobifluorene (SBF), aiming to enhance carrier mobilities while maintaining high triplet energies ( ), which are two critical parameters for optimizing host materials in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). To validate our proposed design, four pivotal model molecules of 1,4-diaryl SBFs were synthesized interannular C-H arylation of bi(hetero)aryl-2-formaldehydes, a task challenging to accomplish using previous synthetic methodologies. The orthogonal configuration and the steric hindrance of SBF lead to high through the conjugation breaking at C1 and C4 positions, rendering 1,4-diaryl SBFs suitable as universal pure hydrocarbon (PHC) hosts for red, green, and blue (RGB) phosphorescent OLEDs (PhOLEDs).

Synthesis of Diarylamines via Nitrosonium-Initiated C-N Bond Formation.

Electron-rich diarylamines, exemplified by anisole-derived amines, play pivotal roles in process chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and materials. In this study, homo-diarylamines were synthesized directly from the C-H activation of electron-rich arenes by sodium nitrate/trifluoroacetic acid and the successive treatment of iron powder. Mechanistic investigations reveal that nitrosoarene serves as the reaction intermediate, and the formation of the second C-N bond between the resulting nitrosoarene and electron-rich arene is catalyzed by the nitrosonium ion (NO).

Neuroanatomical dimensions in medication-free individuals with major depressive disorder and treatment response to SSRI antidepressant medications or placebo.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome with widespread subtle neuroanatomical correlates. Our objective was to identify the neuroanatomical dimensions that characterize MDD and predict treatment response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants or placebo. In the COORDINATE-MDD consortium, raw MRI data were shared from international samples ( = 1,384) of medication-free individuals with first-episode and recurrent MDD ( = 685) in a current depressive episode of at least moderate severity, but not treatment-resistant depression, as well as healthy controls ( = 699).

Response of selenium pools to drought stress by regulating physio‑biochemical attributes and anatomical changes in Gentiana macrophylla.

Selenium (Se), as a vital stress ameliorant, possesses a beneficial effect on mediating detrimental effects of environmental threats. However, the mechanisms of Se in mitigating the deleterious effects of drought are still poorly understood. Gentiana macrophylla Pall.

Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Coupling of -Pyrimidylindoles with Cyclic β-Keto Esters for Accessing All-Carbon Quaternary Centers.

Rh(III)-catalyzed direct oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling between -pyrimidylindoles and β-ketoesters is presented. Easily available β-ketoesters are used as an alkylating agent for the facile construction of all-carbon quaternary centers under mild conditions. The ester group in the product can undergo decarboxylation or decarboxylative amination.

Linking the Doping-Induced Trap States to the Concentration of Surface-Reaching Photoexcited Holes in Transition-Metal-Doped TiO Nanoparticles.

Transition-metal doping has been demonstrated to be effective for tuning the photocatalytic activity of semiconductors. Nonetheless, the impact of doping-induced trap states on the concentration of surface-reaching photoexcited charges remains a topic of debate. In this study, through time-resolved spectroscopies and kinetic analysis, we found that the concentration of surface-reaching photoholes () in doped TiO nanoparticles sensitively relies on the type of dopants and their associated trap states.

Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Annulation Reaction of Aryl Iodides and Methyl 2-Haloarenecarboxylates.

A ligand-free palladium-catalyzed and norbornadiene-mediated annulation reaction of iodoarenes with methyl 2-haloarenecarboxylates is reported. The sequentially accomplished reaction comprises intermolecular C-H arylation, followed by intramolecular decarboxylative annulation, affording various valuable phenanthrenes. This reaction protocol could be expanded to triphenylene syntheses whereby norbornene was the cocatalyst.