Quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate booster vaccination in children aged 10-12 years: phase III randomized trial complementary analysis of immune persistence 3-6 years after priming.

Immune persistence following primary vaccination with a single dose of meningococcal quadrivalent conjugate vaccines, MenACYW-TT/MCV4-CRM, at age 10-12 years was demonstrated. Most participants primed with MenACYW-TT and MCV4-CRM maintained seroprotective titers against all serogroups, suggesting continued protection. Priming with MenACYW-TT resulted in higher persistent titers for serogroups C, W, and Y than MCV4-CRM.

Immunogenicity and Safety of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine Versus Nimenrix in Healthy Adolescents: A Randomized Phase IIIb Multicenter Study.

Introduction: Many immunization programs in Europe recommend quadrivalent meningococcal vaccinations, which are often administered concomitantly with other vaccines. We compared the immune response of a tetanus toxoid conjugated quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACYW-TT, MenQuadfi) with another quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4-TT; Nimenrix) when administered alone or concomitantly with Tdap-IPV and 9vHPV vaccines in adolescents.

Methods: In this phase IIIb trial, healthy adolescents (MenC-naïve or MenC-primed before 2 years of age) from Spain, Italy, Hungary, and Singapore were randomized in a 3:3:2 ratio to receive either MenACYW-TT or MCV4-TT alone, or MenACYW-TT concomitantly with 9vHPV and Tdap-IPV.

Still Unanswered Questions About SARS-CoV-2 Mortality and Future Directions for Occupational Medicine.

The article discusses a recent study on mortality attributable to COVID-19 in Italy and the need for further analysis. The study used a reliable methodology to estimate excess deaths due to the pandemic. However, there are still questions about the specific effects of COVID-19 compared to other factors, such as delayed or missing access to treatment for other illnesses.

Epidemiologic Health Impact Assessment: Estimation of Attributable Cases and Application to Decision Making.

Objectives: The epidemiologic Health Impact Assessment (eHIA) process is receiving growing attention in Italy. In the context of such an approach, the present paper has three objectives: to review the computational aspects of eHIA for stressing strengths and weaknesses of methods and formulas; to discuss which rate at baseline could be used for the estimation of attributable cases; how to use the results of eHIA to make decisions regarding the realization of industrial projects.

Methods And Results: Using a linear formulation of the relationship between exposure and disease occurrence: a) formulas have been derived to compute attributable cases (AC) using both Relative Risk (RR) and Excess Risk (ER) approaches; b) a discussion is made of the use as baseline rate of the rate that is caused by all the risk factors for a particular disease and a suggestion is made to use the rate that is caused simply by the risk factors that are under evaluation; c) under assumptions and approximations that must be validated in any specific situation, formulas are derived to compute Incremental Lifetime Cumulative Risk (ILCR), an indicator that can be used to compare the results coming from the eHIA approach with the levels of action used by USEPA and others (10-6, 10-5, 10-4).