Risk transmission and driving factors of virtual water flows from the perspective of China's interregional water-energy-food trade.

Changes in water, energy, and food (WEF) trade patterns may reshape water circulation patterns, leading to potential water supply and demand risks. Analysis of virtual water risk transmission characteristics and driving factors from the perspective of WEF trade is highly important for alleviating the risk of water shortages and promoting the efficient use of resources. In this paper, a set of methods for quantifying risk transmission values is constructed on the basis of China's interregional input-output model, and the key paths of interregional virtual water risk transmission caused by WEF trade are identified using innovative methods.

Nebulized Lipid Nanoparticles Based on Degradable Ionizable Glycerolipid for Potent Pulmonary mRNA Delivery.

As an advanced nucleic acid therapeutical modality, mRNA can express any type of protein in principle and thus holds great potential to prevent and treat various diseases. Despite the success in COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, direct local delivery of mRNA into the lung by inhalation would greatly reinforce the treatment of pulmonary pathogens and diseases. Herein, we developed lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) from degradable ionizable glycerolipids for potent pulmonary mRNA delivery via nebulization.

Effect of magnetized water on the fundamental grouting properties of cement grout under varying magnetization conditions.

The development and modification of grouting materials constitute crucial factors influencing the effectiveness of grouting. Given the pivotal role of water in the hydration of cement-based composite materials and construction processes, this study proposes an exploratory approach using green, economical magnetized water technology to enhance the performance of cement grouts. The research systematically investigates the effects of magnetized water on the fundamental grouting properties (stability, rheological behavior, and stone body strength) of cement grouts, prepared under varying magnetization conditions (including magnetic intensity, water flow speed, and cycle times).

Evolutionary study and structural basis of proton sensing by Mus GPR4 and Xenopus GPR4.

Animals have evolved pH-sensing membrane receptors, such as G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4), to monitor pH changes related to their physiology and generate adaptive reactions. However, the evolutionary trajectory and structural mechanism of proton sensing by GPR4 remain unresolved. Here, we observed a positive correlation between the optimal pH of GPR4 activity and the blood pH range across different species.

Fabrication of photo-responsive self-deicing surface with micro-nano rough structures on fabrics.

Photothermal superhydrophobic treatment is an effective anti-icing and de-icing method, avoiding damage to equipment caused by ice accumulation in winter. However, the traditional photothermal materials were expensive and the photothermal conversion coatings are hard to remove when unnecessary. Herein, three biochar microspheres with solid, hollow, and flower-like structures (SBMs, HBMs, FBMs) were fabricated to construct photothermal superhydrophobic coatings on the polyester fabric (PET), respectively.