The validity of the Rorschach for assessing cognitive and affective changes.

Exner's (1985) Rorschach norms of children 5 to 16 years old were used to test predictions based on developmental theory, previous cognitive studies, and Achenbach and Edelbrock's (1981) norms on behavior problems in children. In the cognitive realm, the Rorschach scores reflected the predicted increase in complexity, integration, and precision of thinking; richness of ideas; conformity to socially acceptable ways of thinking; and the concomitant decrease in unrealistic, egocentric ideas. In the affective realm, the Rorschach scores reflected the predicted decrease in uncontrolled expression of affect, increase in controlled expression of affect, and increase in inwardness.

The development of normal and autistic children: a comparative study.

This study tests the hypothesis that the development of normal and autistic children differs only in rate and asymptote. A total of 195 normal children between 1 and 5 years of age, 160 normal children between 3 months and 24 months of age, and 41 autistic children between 5 and 11 years of age were evaluated on the eight psychological variables constituting the Behavioral Rating Instrument for Autistic and other Atypical Children (BRIAAC). While many similarities were found, there were a sufficient number of differences to justify DMS-III's statement that certain autistic behaviors are not normal at any stage of development.

Infant temperament and noncompliant behavior at four years: a longitudinal study.

Noncompliant behavior in early childhood (i.e., exaggerated, but age-appropriate negativism) has been inadequately studied.