Precisely Tailoring Molecular Structure of Doxorubicin Prodrugs to Enable Stable Nanoassembly, Rapid Activation, and Potent Antitumor Effect.

Background: Achieving a balance between stable drug loading/delivery and on-demand drug activation/release at the target sites remains a significant challenge for nanomedicines. Carrier-free prodrug nanoassemblies, which rely on the design of prodrug molecules, offer a promising strategy to optimize both drug delivery efficiency and controlled drug release profiles.

Methods: A library of doxorubicin (DOX) prodrugs was created by linking DOX to fatty alcohols of varying chain lengths via a tumor-responsive disulfide bond.

Hardness-Dependent Freshwater Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms for Cadmium in China.

Cadmium poses a significant threat to freshwater aquatic organisms and ecosystems, making it essential to establish regional freshwater quality criteria (FWQC) in China to safeguard these organisms. The toxicity database for cadmium covered 249 acute toxicity data from 52 species (seven phyla and 27 families) and 62 chronic toxicity data from 21 species (four phyla and 12 families). During short-term exposure, displayed the most sensitivity to cadmium, whereas showed the most sensitivity in long-term exposure scenarios.

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of GRAS Transcription Factor Family in Cultivated Hybrid Sugarcane ZZ1 () and Their Role in Development and Stress.

GRAS gene family plays multifunctional roles in plant growth, development, and resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses, belonging to the plant-specific transcription factor (TF) family. In this study, a genome-wide survey and systematic analysis of the GRAS family in cultivated hybrid sugarcane ZZ1 () with economic and industrial importance was carried out. We identified 747 GRAS genes with complete structural domains and classified these into 11 subfamilies by phylogenetic analyses, exhibiting a diverse range of molecular weight and isoelectric points, thereby indicating a broad structural and functional spectrum.

Effect of High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Technology in the Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence.

: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of high-intensity focused electromagnetic (HIFEM) technology in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). : 20 women with SUI were delivered a treatment course with HIFEM technology. Patients attended 6 therapies scheduled twice a week.