Factors influencing outcome in elderly patients with urinary incontinence and detrusor instability.

The majority of elderly incontinent patients with detrusor instability in whom various medical treatments had been tried and failed, became dry or very significantly improved following attendance at a Continence Clinic. The reason for this was not only because this clinic had access to specialized investigational equipment, but also because patients received individual psychological and practical management of their incontinence. All were given time to discuss their problems, had imipramine titrated against effect, and practised habit-retraining programmes.

The frequency response of external transducer blood pressure measurement systems: a theoretical and experimental study.

An electrical transmission line model of the class of blood pressure measurement systems that consists of a needle, or cannula, a manometer line and a transducer, is described. Transducer compliance and manometer line compliance and hysteresis losses of systems have been determined experimentally, and viscous resistance and inertance components have been calculated. Correlations between observed and theoretical frequency responses, predicted using these parameters, have shown the theory to be adequate to at least 100 Hz.