Social character, interdependence, and the dualities of other-directedness.

David Riesman's exploration of the other-directed characterological form, suited to corporate capitalism and the rise of the service sector, became one of the most influential sociological analyses of the twentieth century. Yet sociologists interested in the contemporary fate of those dispositional qualities suited to mutual adjustment confront a paradox: why, in an age of increasing interdependencies apparently conducive to the sustenance of other-directedness, are we witnessing rising concerns about the resurgence of social sectarianism? Most accounts of this tension rely upon structuralist explanations of late modernity's disruptive impact, or psychologistic accounts of group allegiance. In contrast, we develop a meso-level analysis that highlights an increasingly consequential duality at the heart of other-directedness itself: the qualities associated with this characterological form still facilitate selective forms of mutuality, but the demands it places upon people in the current era have also prompted growing levels of resentment and antagonism.

Good Laboratory Practice in the Academic Setting: Fundamental Principles for Nonclinical Safety Assessment and GLP-Compliant Pathology Support When Developing Innovative Biomedical Products.

Development of new biomedical products necessitates nonclinical safety assessment in animals as a means of assessing potential risk to human patients. Pivotal nonclinical safety studies that support human clinical trials are performed according to Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) guidelines, which are designed to ensure that the study was conducted under carefully controlled conditions using standardized and validated procedures that will yield a reliable, reproducible, and traceable data set. The GLP guidelines established by different regulatory agencies address organizational structure, personnel responsibilities, personnel training practices, quality assurance (ensuring compliance), facilities, equipment, standard operating procedures, study documentation (record keeping), and record and sample retention.