Publications by authors named "C W N Spearman"
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death globally, particularly in developing countries in Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) dominates as a major aetiological factor.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to quantify the metastatic profile of HCC in a South African patient population managed at a tertiary centre. Demographic, clinical and treatment data were extracted from an institutional registry.
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are estimated to be of the most prevalent infectious diseases in correctional settings worldwide. However, viral hepatitis services have not been routinely integrated into South African correctional facilities. We aimed to assess prevalence of HBV infection and HCV infection among people accessing HIV services and assess the feasibility of viral hepatitis service integration in a South African correctional centre.
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- The study compared the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) with a multidisciplinary expert panel to assess drug-induced liver injury (DILI) from antituberculosis and antiretroviral therapies.
- It involved 48 participants, all of whom were people with HIV, with many on multiple potentially harmful medications, which made it challenging to identify the exact cause of liver injury.
- The results showed that the RUCAM had low sensitivity (7%) but high specificity (100%) in identifying probable or certain drug causes of liver injury, indicating it isn't very reliable in this context compared to the expert panel.
Availability of point-of-care HBV tests in resource-limited settings.
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol
December 2024
Article Synopsis
- Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a rising cause of chronic liver disease globally, prompting the need for dietary intervention strategies.
- A panel of 55 international experts conducted a study to reach a consensus on dietary modifications for preventing MAFLD, covering various aspects from epidemiology to management.
- Recommended strategies include following a balanced diet, increasing whole grains and plant-based foods, and reducing red meat and processed foods, along with advocating for physical activity and possibly maintaining Mediterranean or DASH diets.