Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan for the Randomized Trial of Sedative Choice for Intubation (RSI).

Background: Emergency tracheal intubation is a common and high-risk procedure. Ketamine and etomidate are sedative medicines commonly used to induce anesthesia for emergency tracheal intubation, but whether the induction medication used affects patient outcomes is uncertain.

Research Question: Does the use of ketamine for induction of anesthesia decrease the incidence of death among adults undergoing emergency tracheal intubation, compared to the use of etomidate?

Study Design And Methods: The Randomized trial of Sedative choice for Intubation (RSI) is a pragmatic, multicenter, unblinded, parallel-group, randomized trial being conducted in 14 sites (6 emergency departments and 8 intensive care units) in the United States.

Arabidopsis Calcium Dependent Protein Kinase 3, and Its Orthologues OsCPK1, OsCPK15, and AcCPK16, Are Involved in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses.

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) are plant proteins that directly bind calcium ions before phosphorylating substrates involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses, as well as development. CPK3 () is involved with plant signaling pathways such as stomatal movement regulation, salt stress response, apoptosis, seed germination and pathogen defense. In this study, and its orthologues in relatively distant plant species such as rice (, monocot) and kiwifruit (, asterid eudicot) were analyzed in response to drought, bacteria, fungi, and virus infections.

Release of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances from AFFF-impacted soils: Effects of water saturation in vadose zone soils.

Soil samples collected from an aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)-impacted sandy soil formation at two depth intervals above the water table were used in bench-scale column experiments to evaluate the release of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) under different degrees of water saturation. Artificial rainwater was applied to the soils under constant and variably saturated conditions. Results from constant saturation experiments suggest that retention of PFAS mass at air-water interfaces was evident in the deep soil (f < 0.

Second harmonic generation imaging reveals entanglement of collagen fibers in the elephant trunk skin dermis.

Form-function relationships often have tradeoffs: if a material is tough, it is often inflexible, and vice versa. This is particularly relevant for the elephant trunk, where the skin should be protective yet elastic. To investigate how this is achieved, we used classical histochemical staining and second harmonic generation microscopy to describe the morphology and composition of elephant trunk skin.

Skin adaptation in lower limb amputees assessed through Raman spectroscopy and mechanical characterization.

Following lower limb amputation residuum skin from the lower leg is used to reconstruct the residual limb. Unlike skin on the sole of the foot (plantar skin), leg skin is not inherently load bearing. Despite this, leg skin is required to be load bearing in the prosthetic socket.