An examination of morphometric variations in a neotropical toad population (Proceratophrys cristiceps, Amphibia, Anura, Cycloramphidae).

The species Proceratophrys cristiceps belongs to the genus Proceratophrys within the family Cycloramphidae. These amphibians are found exclusively in South America in the morphoclimatic domain of the semi-arid depression zones in northeastern Brazil known as the Caatinga. We examined intrapopulational variation using univariate and multivariate statistics with traditional and geometric morphometrics, which supported the existence of two morphotypes of this species.

Fellow eyes in idiopathic macular hole cases.

The fellow eyes in 84 cases of unilateral idiopathic macular hole were studied retrospectively to determine prognoses and risk factors for this disorder. On initial examination, 15 of 84 eyes (18%) had a macular cystic lesion (group 1), 23 (27%) had a yellow spot in the fovea (group 2), and 46 (55%) had a normal macula (group 3). Of the 84 eyes, 58 (69%) had posterior vitreous attachment.

Comparative study of vitreoretinal relationships using biomicroscopy and ultrasound.

We prospectively studied 29 consecutive eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy that showed media clear enough to enable characterization of vitreoretinal relationships by biomicroscopy. Vitreoretinal relationships were also determined by contact B-scan ultrasound. With both techniques, these relationships were documented by photographs and drawings.

Posterior vitreous detachment and neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy.

The authors evaluated the effect of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in 172 eyes (114 patients) with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy on the development of retinal or optic disc neovascularization. Patients were followed for more than 6 months after the initial vitreous examination (mean, 32 months). None of the patients 39 years of age or younger had PVD, but this condition became more prevalent thereafter with age.