Patterns of treatment failure in patients undergoing adjuvant or definitive radiotherapy for vulvar cancer.

Objectives: Knowledge of the detailed pattern of failure can be useful background knowledge in clinical decision making and potentially drive the development of new treatment strategies by increasing radiotherapy dose prescription to high-risk sub-regions of the target. Here, we analyze patterns of recurrence in patients with vulvar cancer treated with radiotherapy according to original planning target volumes and radiation dose delivered.

Methods: We analyzed dose-planning and post-treatment recurrence scans from patients with vulvar cancer treated at two institutions from January 2009 through October 2014.

[Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia].

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a rare but premalig-nant condition. VIN has two aetiological pathways: a human papillomavirus (HPV)-dependent pathway, which is a vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and an HPV-independent pathway, called differentiated VIN (d-VIN), associated with lichen sclerosus. d-VIN is more aggressive than vulvar HSIL.

Survival and failure types after radiation therapy of vulvar cancer.

Background And Purpose: Describe the survival rates and distribution of events on competing failure types in vulvar carcinoma after treatment with chemoradiation (CRT) or radiation (RT) alone.

Material And Methods: We included patients with vulvar carcinoma treated with CRT or RT between 2009 and 2014. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Initial reductive reactions in aerobic microbial metabolism of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene.

Because of its high electron deficiency, initial microbial transformations of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) are characterized by reductive rather than oxidation reactions. The reduction of the nitro groups seems to be the dominating mechanism, whereas hydrogenation of the aromatic ring, as described for picric acid, appears to be of minor importance. Thus, two bacterial strains enriched with TNT as a sole source of nitrogen under aerobic conditions, a gram-negative strain called TNT-8 and a gram-positive strain called TNT-32, carried out nitro-group reduction.

Identification of a hydride-Meisenheimer complex as a metabolite of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by a Mycobacterium strain.

A bacterial strain, Mycobacterium sp. strain HL 4-NT-1, enriched with 4-nitrotoluene as its sole source of nitrogen, was able to metabolize 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene under aerobic conditions. The dark red-brown metabolite, which accumulated in the culture fluid, was identified as a hydride-Meisenheimer complex by comparison with an authentic synthetic sample.