Varying attenuation of trace organic chemicals in natural treatment systems - A review of key influential factors.

The removal of trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) from treated wastewater and impacted surface water through managed aquifer recharge (MAR) has been extensively studied under a variety of water quality and operating conditions and at various experimental scales. The primary mechanism thought to dictate removal over the long term is biodegradation by microorganisms present in the system. This review of removal percentages observed in biologically active filtration systems reported in the peer-reviewed literature may serve as the basis to identify future indicators for persistence, as well as variable and efficient removal in MAR systems.

Characterization of Device-Related Malfunction, Injury, and Death Associated with Using Elastomeric Pumps for Delivery of Local Anesthetics in the US Food and Drug Administration MAUDE Database.

Purpose: To characterize medical device reports about elastomeric pumps delivering local anesthesia made to the US Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of medical device reports submitted to MAUDE from January 2010 to July 2018. A systematic, computerized algorithm was used to identify records pertaining to elastomeric pumps using local anesthesia.

A comparison of approaches to identify possible cases of local anesthetic systemic toxicity in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Background: Local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) is a rare but potentially serious adverse event .

Methods: Data from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System were examined for liposomal bupivacaine (LB), bupivacaine, or other injectable local anesthetics. Possible LAST cases were identified based on MedDRA system organ classes (Approach 1), a recent publication (Approach 2), and a novel approach based on LAST literature (Approach 3).

Validation of a Screening Risk Index for Serious Prescription Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression or Overdose in a US Commercial Health Plan Claims Database.

Objective: To validate a risk index that estimates the likelihood of overdose or serious opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) among medical users of prescription opioids.

Subjects And Methods: A case-control analysis of 18,365,497 patients with an opioid prescription from 2009 to 2013 in the IMS PharMetrics Plus commercially insured health plan claims database (CIP). An OIRD event occurred in 7,234 cases.