Effect of a competence based medical education program on training quality in Intensive Care Medicine. COBALIDATION TRIAL.

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to evaluate whether the implementation of CoBaTrICE (Competency-Based Training in Intensive Care Medicine in Europe) provides higher levels of competency in comparison with the current official time-based program in Intensive Care Medicine in Spain. Secondary objectives were: 1) To determine the percentage of critical essential performance elements (CEPE) accomplished, 2) To determine compliance with workplace-based assessments (wba).

Design: Multicenter cluster randomized trial.

Ion mobility mass spectrometry uncovers regioselectivity in the carboxylate-assisted C-H activation of palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes.

Carboxylate-assisted Pd-catalyzed C-H bond activation constitutes a mild and versatile synthetic tool to efficiently and selectively cleave inert C-H bonds. Herein, we demonstrate a simple method to experimentally evaluate both reactivity and selectivity in such systems using mass spectrometry (MS) methods. The N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) cations [(NHC)PdX], bearing as X ligand bases commonly used to promote the C-H activation (carboxylates and bicarbonate), are generated in the gas-phase by ESI-MS.