Cilium axoneme internalization and degradation in chytrid fungi.

Loss of the cilium is important for cell cycle progression and certain developmental transitions. Chytrid fungi are a group of basal fungi that have retained centrioles and cilia, and they can disassemble their cilia via axoneme internalization as part of the transition from free-swimming spores to sessile sporangia. While this type of cilium disassembly has been observed in many single-celled eukaryotes, it has not been well characterized because it is not observed in common model organisms.

Pleiotropy of the Drosophila JAK pathway cytokine Unpaired 3 in development and aging.

The Janus kinase (JAK) pathway is an essential, highly re-utilized developmental signaling cascade found in most metazoans. In vertebrates, the JAK intracellular cascade mediates signaling by dozens of cytokines and growth factors. In Drosophila, the Unpaired (Upd) family, encoded by three tandemly duplicated genes, is the only class of ligands associated with JAK stimulation.

Infection, growth and maintenance of Wolbachia pipientis in clonal and non-clonal Aedes albopictus cell cultures.

Insect cell lines provide useful in vitro models for studying biological systems, including interactions between mosquitoes and obligate intracellular endosymbionts such as Wolbachia pipientis. The Aedes albopictus Aa23 cell line was the first cell line developed to allow examination of Wolbachia infections. However, Wolbachia studies using Aa23 can be complicated by the presence of different cell types in the cell line and the substantial temporal variation in infection level.

SYTO11 staining vs FISH staining: a comparison of two methods to stain Wolbachia pipientis in cell cultures.

Aims: The Aedes albopictus C7-10 cell line was infected with Wolbachia strains wRi and wAlbB to create C7-10R and C7-10B cell lines, respectively. We compared two different methods, fluorescence in situ hybridization staining and SYTO11 staining, to describe these new Wolbachia infections in C7-10.

Methods And Results: Both staining methods were as efficient to stain Wolbachia.

Comparative Analysis of Gelsemine and Gelsemium sempervirens Activity on Neurosteroid Allopregnanolone Formation in the Spinal Cord and Limbic System.

Centesimal dilutions (5, 9 and 15 cH) of Gelsemium sempervirens are claimed to be capable of exerting anxiolytic and analgesic effects. However, basic results supporting this assertion are rare, and the mechanism of action of G. sempervirens is completely unknown.