The relationship between thyroid dysfunction, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and cardiovascular (CV) risk creates a complex network that worsens health issues, showing that these conditions influence and contribute to one another.
Thyroid hormones significantly impact glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as blood flow regulation, while both MetS and thyroid dysfunction can lead to increased insulin resistance and lipid levels, along with endothelial dysfunction.
Given the association between MetS and thyroid issues along with their mutual inflammatory and oxidative stress factors, assessing and correcting thyroid function in MetS patients is crucial, yet more research is needed on treating subclinical thyroid problems in this group.
Transitioning from childhood to adolescence involves significant physical, emotional, cognitive, and social changes that shape an individual's identity and well-being.
The review identifies key processes influencing this transition, focusing on physical, psychological, and social factors, as well as health-related elements that affect resilience or vulnerability.
It emphasizes the importance of comprehensive health promotion involving various stakeholders—health professionals, educators, parents, and the community—to support the psychosocial development and well-being of youth.
Although good glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) can prevent cardiovascular complications, many diabetic patients still have poor optimal control. A new class of antidiabetic drugs (e.g.