Methods to Detect Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Asthma.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have the ability to regulate many aspects of asthma pathology. NETs can be detected either in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) or in lung biopsies. Here, we describe methods to quantify NETs in BALF, namely the quantification of cell-free DNA, or of myeloperoxidase (MPO) or neutrophil elastase (NE) complexed with cell-free DNA.

Asthma-related inflammation promotes lung metastasis of breast cancer cells through CCL11-CCR3 pathway.

Background: Mechanisms that preclude lung metastasis are still barely understood. The possible consequences of allergic airways inflammation on cancer dissemination were studied in a mouse model of breast cancer.

Methods: Balb/c mice were immunized and daily exposed to ovalbumin (OVA) from day 21.

Neutrophil extracellular traps infiltrate the lung airway, interstitial, and vascular compartments in severe COVID-19.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 is causing a deadly and pandemic disease called coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). While SARS-CoV-2-triggered hyperinflammatory tissue-damaging and immunothrombotic responses are thought to be major causes of respiratory failure and death, how they relate to lung immunopathological changes remains unclear. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can contribute to inflammation-associated lung damage, thrombosis, and fibrosis.

Locally instructed CXCR4 neutrophils trigger environment-driven allergic asthma through the release of neutrophil extracellular traps.

Low exposure to microbial products, respiratory viral infections and air pollution are major risk factors for allergic asthma, yet the mechanistic links between such conditions and host susceptibility to type 2 allergic disorders remain unclear. Through the use of single-cell RNA sequencing, we characterized lung neutrophils in mice exposed to a pro-allergic low dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or a protective high dose of LPS before exposure to house dust mites. Unlike exposure to a high dose of LPS, exposure to a low dose of LPS instructed recruited neutrophils to upregulate their expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and to release neutrophil extracellular traps.

Ozone-primed neutrophils promote early steps of tumour cell metastasis to lungs by enhancing their NET production.

Background: Air pollution, including particulates and gazes such as ozone (O), is detrimental for patient's health and has repeatedly been correlated to increased morbidity and mortality in industrialised countries. Although studies have described a link between ambient particulate matter and increased lung cancer morbidity, no direct relation has yet been established between O exposure and metastatic dissemination to lungs.

Objectives: To outline the mechanisms through which pulmonary O exposure modulates metastasis kinetics in an experimental mouse model of O exposure.