Examining the Alkaline Stability of Tris(dialkylamino)sulfoniums and Sulfoxoniums.

Herein, a synthetic method was developed to prepare a series of tris(dialkylamino)sulfonium and sulfoxonium cations from sulfur monochloride. Alkaline stability studies of these two cation families in 2 M KOH/CDOH solution at 80 °C revealed how degradation pathways change as a function of the oxidation state of the S center, as determined by H NMR spectroscopy. The sulfonium cations (S(NR)) typically degrade by nucleophilic attack at the sulfur atom with loss of an amino group and a proton transfer reaction to produce sulfoxides, while the sulfoxoniums (O═S(NR)) tend to degrade by loss of an R group to form sulfoximines.

Effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed and protein supplementation on stocker steers: I. Growth performance and hemodynamic responses.

Fescue toxicosis is a multifaceted syndrome common in cattle grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue and is detrimental to growth and performance. Recent research has shown that supplementing protein has the potential to enhance growth performance in weaned steers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplemental CP on physiological parameters in stocker steers experiencing fescue toxicosis.

Effects of Load Carriage and Step Length Manipulation on Achilles Tendon and Knee Loads.

Introduction: Longer steps with load carriage is common in shorter Soldiers when matching pace with taller Soldiers whereas shorter steps are hypothesized to reduce risk of injury with load carriage. The effects of load carriage with and without step length manipulation on loading patterns of three commonly injured structures were determined: Achilles tendon, patellofemoral joint (PFJ) and medial tibiofemoral joint (mTFJ).

Materials And Methods: ROTC Cadets (n = 16; 20.

Multicompartment Polymeric Nanoreactors for Non-Orthogonal Cascade Catalysis.

Spatial confinement of multiple catalysts presents an effective strategy for performing sequential or tandem chemical transformations in a one-pot reaction. These methods may be used to catalyze numerous reactions in conditions that are otherwise incompatible between catalyst and solvent, different catalysts, or reagents. Appropriate site isolation or support structure design will lead to significant advantages in atom economy, purification, and costs; the development of the interface between a catalyst and its confined microenvironment is paramount for realizing the next generation of nanoreactors.

Tetrakis(dialkylamino)phosphonium Polyelectrolytes Prepared by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization.

A tetrakis(dialkylamino)phosphonium cation ([P(NR)]) was appended to a styrenic monomer and explored in reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) to conduct random copolymerizations of the cationic monomer with styrene. Well-defined polyelectrolytes with molecular weights up to ∼30 100 and dispersities between ∼1.2 and 1.